بررسي تحولات اخير مربوط به جايگاه رييس جمهور در نظام سياسي فرانسه (تحليلي بر اصلاحات قانون اساسي در ژوئيه 2008)

Review the recent changes related to the position of the President in France political system

The largest amendment of France fifth republic constitution was adopted in July 23rd 2008. Mentioned reforms can be summarized in three general categories: Parliamentary reforms aimed at strengthening parliament authority; reforms related to executive branch aimed at greater parliamentary oversight over it and limiting the authorities of president and government; and finally amendments contain guarantees of fundamental human and citizens rights against the government. Among the areas of change, status and place of president and his qualifications were the main areas discussed in recent reforms. This reforms that, on the one hand, were within the executive branch (division and distribution of his qualification and authorities and his relationship with prime minister), and on the other hand, were about his relationships with other forces and public institutions and citizens raised many sensitivity. However, whether the recent reforms undergone a basic transformation in general position of president and his authority in France political system? Weather the said orientation toward reducing his powers was real? Regarding his position within the executive (especially between president and prime minister) and in relation to other powers(especially in relation to parliament), whether these limitations solve the problem caused by forecasting broad and incompatible powers of president to prime minister and parliament in a parliamentary system. In response to these questions, the achievements of reforms in this area can be easily evaluated positively or negatively; while on several occasions, there were some necessary amendments in common laws and regulations to complete the constitutional amendments or to coordinate with them, some of which have not been reviewed or approved. But it can be said in an overall sum that if whatever related to the position and power of the president in a political system, the amendments contains significant cases partially limiting and/or framing most of them; but over the position of president not within the executive branch and his relationship with the prime minister that some believe its modification needs the sixth republic, and not in his relationship with parliament ,basic and noticeable reforms to solve the problem.(due to the presence of a very strong president but with no political responsibility alongside the prime minister and cabinet with political responsibility in front of the parliament) has been taken.