آنزيم ها و سوبستراهاي آنزيمي در ميكروبيولوژي

Enzymes and Enzymatic substrates in microbiology

Enzymes are complex proteins with 3D structures that act in their proper conditions (temperature, pH, moisture) and on their specific substrates. They are natural skilled cathalysts that are present in all biological systems. Enzymes do slow or impossible reactions and some of them can be faster as 106 times more in the body. Indeed, they regulate the sequence of biological reactions. They are not used during the reaction and they cathalyze the reaction tnd then they return back to their early condition. So, the measure of required enzyme is less than substrate. Enzymatic substrates are powerful tools in biochemistry. They are widely used in microbiology to study metabolic pathways, monitoring metabolism and detection, enumeration and identification of the microorganisms. Synthetic enzymatic substrates are proper to be used in different microbial investigations and detection of the target microorganisms. In the last 20 years developments in the field of synthetic enzymatic substrates caused increased development of multiple experimental systems such as micro scan, vitak 2 tfunix and chromopanic media. By using the substrates optimum time could be reached in the metabolic reactions in vitro. Today, phenotypic tests such as analyzing simple and complex samples are could be performed easier by the use of synthetic enzymatic substrates. The tests are available in all microbiological and researching laboratories throughout the world.