نقش ابزارهاي نوين اطلاع‌رساني در تبريز در دوره قاجار

The role of modern information tools in Qajar era in Tabriz

در پژوهش حاضر سعي شده است تا بخشي از ابتكارات، خلاقيت ها و نوآوري هاي صورت گرفته در عرصه اطلاع رساني در شهر تبريز طي دوره قاجار بررسي شود كه مي‌تواند شاهدي باشد بر پيشگام و تاريخ ساز بودن تبريزيان در عرصه انديشه، دانش و فرهنگ اين مرز و بوم. لذا به ابداعات و تحولات صورت گرفته در زمينه هاي اطلاع رساني،‌ ادبيات و آموزش پرداخته شد. براي اين منظور از روش تاريخي استفاده شده‌ است. از ميان عوامل مختلفي كه در ظهور و شكل گيري اين تحولات مي توان نام برد يكي افزايش روابط خارجي و رفت و آمد به كشورهاي همسايه و اروپايي است. سپس، آشنايي با صنايع و فنون جديد، ‌ترجمه آثار منتشر شده در اين زمينه ها، شكل گيري طبقه روشنفكر و پيشگام در جامعه ايران همگي ارمغان اعزام دانشجو به كشورهاي اروپايي مي باشد. در اين ميان قرار گرفتن شهر تبريز در مسير جاده ابريشم و همسايگي با كشورهاي عثماني و روسيه و تردد تجار و بازرگانان و سياستمداران خارجي و نيز وليعهد نشين بودن اين شهر، تبريز را به يكي از مهم ترين شهرهاي ايران كه در تاريخ معاصر ايران جايگاه بسيار ويژه اي دارد تبديل كرد و در نهايت ورود ابزارهاي نوين اطلاع رساني به اين شهر در اواخر دوره قاجار منجر به بيداري ايرانيان و شكل گيري نهضت مشروطه گرديد.

In this study we try to show a part of initiative and creative power in the field of information in Tabriz during the contemporary history of Iran; that is an example to being pioneer and history making of Tabrizians in the field of thought, knowledge and culture. The extent of these creations and innovations is very spread and consists of literature and art, education, science and technology, anticolonization and antidespotic movements but in this article we try to have a summary view at the transitions and transformations in the fields of information, literature, education and their effects on the changes of society. In addition to establishment of print industry of Iran in Tabriz, foreign books have been translated into Farsi for the first time in this city, so this city is the pioneer of translation, modern composition or simple writing have been tought by Talebov, one of the son worthy of this city. We owe authority of the first encyclopedia in the Islamic world, writing the first novel, children literature, national journalism to pioneer and powerful humans raised from Tabriz. Several facts have caused to appear these changes, like increasing foreign relationships and traveling to European and neighbor countries. And also, meeting new industries and technologies, translation of published works in this fields, elite and pioneer people’s birth in Iranian society are the presence of sending students to European countries. To be in the way of Silk Road, being neighbor with Ottoman, Russia and European countries, traveling foreign merchants and politicians, and also living Crown Prince in this city have made Tabriz to one of the most important Iranian cities in contemporary history of Iran. And we can say that in this period of history especially in recent two centuries, this proud city is not only a usual city, but also a museum of epics. And, it is pioneer in several political, social, artistical, literary and scientific fields, and finally the entrance of modern information tools in the city led to awaken the Iranians and to Constitution Movement (Mashroote).