چكيده فارسي :
تحقيقات نشان رضوي (ثامن) نشان مي‌دهد كه منطقه مذكور به لحاظ فراواني وقوع بسياري از جرايم به نسبت جمعيت، رتبه اول يا دوم شهر مشهد را به خود اختصاص داده است. همچنين بالابودن شدت محكوميت در احكام قضايي براي مجرمان اين بافت (در دو مجازات رايجِ حبس و شلاق) به نسبت مجرمان ساير نواحي، حاكي از شدت بزه ارتكابي در اين بافت است.
با تقسيم ويژگي‌هاي اصلي بافت فرسوده ثامن به سه دسته كالبدي، جمعيتي و اجتماعي، و با تكيه بر نظريات ارايه شده درباره انحرافات اجتماعي و رابطه جرم و مكان، مي‌توان علل بالابودن ميزان جرم در اين بافت را تبيين كرد. به لحاظ كالبدي: ريزدانگي، نفوذناپذيري و ناپايداري املاك فرصت فيزيكي مناسب براي ارتكاب جرم و نيز كاهش امكان كنترل رسمي را فراهم مي‌كند. به لحاظ جمعيتي: ورود و خروج ميليون‌ها زاير در سال، مهاجرت ساكنان اصيل و جايگزيني گروه‌هاي ناهمگون اجتماعي و افزايش نسبت سال‌خوردگان، به كاهش امكان كنترل غير رسمي و افزايش جرم مي‌انجامد. همچنين به لحاظ اجتماعي: فقر و احساس محروميت نسبي و نيز پيدايش گروه‌هاي كجرو در اين بافت، از طريق رضايت‌بخش‌شدن كجروي و افزايش تماس‌هاي انحرافي به عضويت افراد بافت در گروه‌هاي كجرو و افزايش جرم منجر مي‌شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Research shows that there is a significant relationship between occurrence of crimes and features of the location within which a crime is committed. Timeworn urban structures, with their peculiar features, provide breeding grounds for emergence and growth of a number of criminal activities. An examination of crimes committed within the area containing rundown structures which encircle the holy shrine of Imam Reza (PBUH), the Eighth of the Twelve Imams, shows a higher frequency of crimes in terms of population ratio, so that this area ranks as the first or second in Mashhad in criminality. Moreover, high intensity of convictions as reflected in judiciary verdicts issued for convicts of this shabby structure (in two common punishments of imprisonment and whipping), as compared to punishments assigned for convicts of other areas, testify to the intensity of crimes committed in this area.
Dividing the features of timeworn structures around the holy shrine of the Eighth Imam into three categories of physical/structural, demographic, and social, utilizing theories of deviance; and the relationship between place and crime that they entail, one can begin to explain high frequency of crimes committed in this area. In terms of physicality (or structure of buildings), the smallness, impenetrability, and instability of the real estate holdings, all provide an opportune chance for committing crime, while these physical features reduce the possibility of exerting formal control. Demographically, incoming and outgoing of millions of pilgrims per annum, emigration of the original inhabitants, their replacement by heterogeneous social groups, and an increase in the ratio of senility or old-age population, lead to lesser likelihood of implementation of formal control, hence more crimes. Socially speaking, poverty, relative deprivation feeling, as well as surfacing of delinquent groups in this worn out physical structure, all but result in higher crime rate. This becomes possible through stimulating and encouraging deviance, which is being rewarded, namely, delinquency becomes a satisfying act that pays. Such an incentive attracts more delinquent members from outside to join in, hence higher crime rate.
