سه جريان سياسي مهم تاثيرگذار در جامعه ايران از 1320ـ1332ش

Three Important Influential Political Trends in Iran from 1320 to 1322 (ʹʹAHʹʹ- solar) 1941- 1943

در اين پژوهش تلاش شده تا سه جريان سياسي و فرهنگي مهم تاثيرگذار در فاصله سال‏هاي 1320 تا 1332ش (جريان سنتي، جريان ملي‏گرايان، جريان مذهبي‏ها) با هدف شناسايي ويژگي‏هاي هركدام و به قصد مقايسه عملكرد ان‏ها تحليل شوند. روش اين پژوهش، تحليلي ـ توصيفي با تكيه بر اسناد و گزارش‏هاي تاريخي است. ويژگي‏هاي اصلي سه جريان سياسي مزبور عبارت بودند از: 1. جريان سنتي: اشرافي‏گري، تعامل با قدرت‏هاي بزرگ، استفاده از رقابت‏هاي آنها براي حفظ استقلال نسبي كشور، همكاري نسبي با علما، و عملكرد مستبدانه. 2. جريان ملي‏گرايان: همراهي با منافع انگليس (جز در يك مورد)، استفاده ابزاري و مقطعي از علما و مذهبي‏ها، و دشمني شديد با فداييان اسلام. 3. جريان مذهبي‏ها: نفوذ بالاي اجتماعي؛ ب. تبعيت از ولايت و مرجعيت؛ ج. تلاش در اجراي احكام اسلام، و ايجاد گفتماني جديد در عرصه سياسي كشور.

The present paper seeks to shed light on three important political and cultural trends during the period from 1320 (to and 1332 (ʹAHʹ-solar) in order to specify their features and compare the performance of these trends. The research which uses analytical-descriptive method is based on historical documents and records. Below is an account of these political trends and their distinctive features: 1. The traditional movement; its main features are: oligarchy, interaction with superpowers and making use of the rivalries between them to preserve the relative independence of the country, relative cooperation with religious scholars and despotic policy. 2. The nationalist movement; its main features are: collaboration with Great Britainʹs interests (except for one case), having instrumental and occasional relations with religious scholars and groups, and showing bitter hostility to Fadaiiyan-e-Islam , an Islamic group who devoted their lives for safeguarding Islam. 3. The religious movement; its main features are: high social influence, abiding by the commands of religious guardian and supreme religious authorities, struggling for applying Islamʹs rules and offering a new discourse to the political arena of the country.