تبيين وضعيت سياست خارجي ايران و نقش وزيران امور خارجه(39- 1336ش/60- 1957م)

Specifying the Condition of Iranʹʹs Foreign Policy and the Role of Foreign Ministers during 1957-1960

هدف :هدف ازپژوهش حاضر بررسي سياست خارجي ايران ونقش وزيران امورخارجه در سال ها (1336 -1339ش ./ 60-1957 م) بوده است. روش شناسي: مقاله حاضرباروش توصيفي -تحليلي وبر پايه منابع كتابخانه اي آرشيوي به تعيين وضيعت سياست خارجي ايران ونقش وزيران امور خارجه در سالهاي(1336-1339 ش./ 1957-1960 م.) مي ‌پردازد. يافته ها ونتايج: يافته هاي پژوهش حاضر نشان مي دهد كه وزيران امورخارجه در اين دوره نقش موثري درسياست خارجي ايران نداشتند، چرا كه حلقه اصلي سياست گذاري ها در دست شخص محمدرضا شاه پهلوي متمركز بود. هسته اصلي سياست گذاري هاي ايران در بعد سياست خارجي ، حفظ نظام حكومتي ونه حفظ منافع ملي بود. دولت ايران، اگردراين دوران «سياست بي طرفي‌» را اتخاذ‌‌ مي‌كرد.مي توانست از تضاد ودرگيري ميان دو بلوك شرق وغرب استفاده كند و كشور را در گير جنگ سرد دو ابر قدرت آمريكا وشوروي نكند؛ اما نه تنها دولت ايران سياست« بي طرفي» را در پيش نگرفت، بلكه از دسته بندي هاي نظامي همراه با آمريكا وبلوك غرب شركت كرد كه به نقش دست نشاندگي آن به كشورها بيگانه افزود وتاثير منفي آن تا ساليان بعد در ايران باقي ماند.

The years 1957 to 1960 were one of the most critical periods of the contemporary history of Iran from the viewpoint of its foreign relations. This is largely due to the fact that this period coincided with the attempts of other countries to increase their dominance over Iran. During this period, Iran was struggling with countries like the Soviet Union, Iraq, Egypt and the United States in its foreign relationships. Iran’s relations with the Soviet Union, Iraq and Egypt were similar to each other, involving fluctuations, conflicts, strains and even complete breaks. During these years, a negative aspect of Iran’s foreign policy was the wide gap created in relations between Iran and Arab countries including Egypt. Mohammad Reza Shah’s foreign policy in the region, and his relations with Israel, had resulted in this wide gap and had caused some Arab countries to openly express their dissatisfaction. These relations were most strained during the presidency of Gamal Abdel Nasser in Egypt. At the same time, Iran had very close relations with the U.S. which led to Iran’s increased dependency on the U.S. The aim of the present research is to study the role of Iran’s foreign ministers in Iran’s relations with the other countries which aimed to dominate Iran or maintain ties with it during 1957-1960, and the condition of Iran’s foreign policy in this period. The findings of this research show that the foreign ministers did not have an effective role in Iran’s foreign policy because the main policymaker was Mohammad Reza Shah himself, and the main function of his foreign policies was to protect his government, not the national interest.