پديد آورندگان :
نادري بوانلو، محمد نويسنده دانشگاه هنر تهران, , , پرتوي، پروين نويسنده Partovi, Parvin
كليدواژه :
ديدگاه مشاركتي , سرمايه اجتماعي , مديريت شهري , محله‌محوري
چكيده فارسي :
لزوم رويارويي با چالش‌هاي جديد شهرنشيني، موجب دگرگوني اساسي در ديدگاه‌هاي مديريت شهري شده است. در اين زمينه مي‌توان رويكردي فراگير را شناسايي كرد كه با تاكيد بيش از پيش بر سطوح پايين و ابعاد ملموس زندگي شهري، به دنبال روش‌هايي است كه اداره فرايند توسعه را به محله‌ها واگذار كند. با مطالعه مباني نظري اين رويكرد، به نظر مي‌رسد كه مفهوم اجتماع محلي و ديدگاه‌هاي مشاركتي، دارايي‌مبنا و سرمايه اجتماعي در تبيين و تحقق آن نقش اساسي دارند. بررسي يافته‌ها در دو محله منتخب از شهر مشهد گوياي اهميت دو عامل عمده اجتماع محلي و مديريت شهري در تحقق رويكرد محله‌محور است كه در اين ميان مديريت شهري به‌عنوان آغازگر فرايند، نقش اصلي را دارد. بر اين اساس، تقويت سامانه ارتباطي و اطلاع‌رساني، آموزشي شيوه‌هاي مشاركت و برگزاري گردهمايي‌هاي محله‌اي به‌وسيله مديريت شهري و همچنين ايجاد شورا و نهاد مديريت شهري در مقياس محله و حركت به سوي برنامه‌ريزي محله‌اي را مي‌توان مهم‌ترين گام‌ها براي تحقق محله‌محوري در مشهد دانست. گرچه مطالعه امكان‌سنجي نشان از تحقق‌پذيري دشوار اين رويكرد در مشهد دارد، اما از آنجا كه بسياري از معيارهاي تعيين‌كننده آن در حوزه تصميم‌ها و اقدامات مديريت شهري قرار مي‌گيرند، مي‌توان انتظار داشت كه با درك عميق مديريت شهري از محله‌محوري و عزم اراده جدي براي دستيابي به آن، زمينه تحقق اين رويكرد فراهم شود.
چكيده لاتين :
A new deal in the field of concepts and viewpoints about urban management was made by new challenges and problems due to extension of urbanization and globalization. That deal intends to make a mutual linkage between urban management and political and socio-economic structures and therefore changes the role of urban management from delivering different services to attract public participation. In these conditions, urban planning and management make a great attention to lower levels and tangible dimensions of city life and use each community as a tool for managing cities, making sustainable development and social solidarity and creating identity and character. Also a pervasive approach can be recognized which intends to use the human resources and financial ones by assigning the major role to the community; this attitude is called the community-led approach. Recognizing the major characteristics of this approach, adjusting it with Iran and conditions of Mashhad city in Iran, and representing a pattern for implementation of the community-led approach in this city as well as feasibility study of this pattern are the purposes of this research. In this research the recourses about community-led approach are studied, and the basis and principles are recognized; then the research studies the characteristics and the role of them for realizing this approach. After that, on the basis of study results and interviews whit Mashhad urban management experts, it represents a pattern that consist, of many factors, parameters and indicators of community-led approach and tests this pattern by selecting two communities in the city, according to the physical-social typology of Mashhad communities. Finally, by analyzing the results, the article, represents a pattern and some strategies and methods for implementation of community-led approach in the structure of Mashhad urban planning. Study of basis and principles of community-led approach shows that it can be explained by four viewpoints; consist of community theory, participatory approach, asset-based approach and social capital theory. The survey shows that two major factors, including community and urban management, have critical roles in implementation of the mentioned approach and urban management, because of starting this process, has a similar role. Hence, amplification of information systems of urban management, training the participatory methods, making community meetings with urban authorities, establishing a community council and a community management organization, and trying to reach the community planning are among the most important steps to implement the community-led approach in Mashhad. In conclusion, feasibility study of community-led approach in Mashhad shows the lack of many indicators and the tough implementation of this approach in this city. Since the most of significant criteria in this pattern are in the field of urban management tasks, it can be expected that recognition, understanding and real intention to implement the community-led approach by urban management, make the realization of this approach possible and convenient.
