رويكردها و نگرش‌هاي سياسي و اجتماعي در روزنامه جنگل

Basic Approaches and Attitudes of the Jangal, the Organ of Jungle Movement

پس از وقوع انقلاب مشروطيت فضاي سياسي و اجتماعي ايران به آرامش مطلوبي دست نيافت. ناپايداري سياسي و سقوط پياپي دولت‌ها، بر گستره بحران‌ها مي‌افزود. آغاز جنگ جهاني اول و تاثيرگذاري آن بر ايران شرايط نامساعدي را در كشور پديد آورد. ناتواني حكومت مركزي در مهار بحران‌ها سبب شد تا افراد و گروه‌هايي، براي بهبود شرايط نامساعد جامعه خودانگيخته تحركات ضد بيگانه و اصلاح‌طلبانه‌اي را آغاز كنند. نهضت جنگل با هدايت ميرزا‌كوچك خان جنگلي با همين نگرش كار خود را در محدوده گيلان هم‌زمان با جنگ جهاني اول آغاز كرد. با گسترش فعاليت نهضت گردانندگان آن براي اشاعه تفكرات اصلاحي و انتقادي خود روزنامه‌اي موسوم به جنگل را منتشر كردند. هرچند عمر اين روزنامه طولاني نبود، در مدت يك‌سال‌و‌اندي كه منتشر مي‌شد ديدگاه‌ها و نگرش‌هاي جنگلي‌ها، عملكرد حكومت مركزي، كاركرد چهره‌هاي سياسي و اقدامات روسيه و انگليس را معرفي، نقد، و ارزيابي مي‌كرد. اين پژوهش مهم‌ترين دغدغه‌هاي نويسندگان روزنامه و سطح دريافت آن‌ها را از شرايط جامعه بررسي و تحليل مي‌كند.

Following the emergence of the Constitutional Revolution, the political and social atmospheres of Iran were affected so seriously that for a long time did not restore its desirable peace. Political instability and continuous fall of passive cabinets intensified the vehemence of this critical situation. World War I and its catastrophic aftermath caused a very turbulent condition in Iran. Central government’s inability to control the crisis resulted in an emergence of some self-motivated social associations. These groups were mainly concerned with the improvement of this critical situation. Their approach to this problem was a reformist and nationalist one. The Junbish-e Jangal (Jungle Movement) was one of these social associations that was activating in Guilan province in northern Iran. Having been led by M?rz? K?chak kh?n, a religious-nationalist prominent figure of contemporary Iran, but composed of very eclectic elements, it grew enormously throughout that region. Following the extension of the movement’s activities, its operational wing started the publication of a newspaper called Jangal (“Jungle”). The purpose behind the publication of this newspaper was to promulgate Jangal?’s reformist ideas and critical thoughts. However Jangal did not last for a long time, during its short period of publication (just one year) it criticized central government as well as politicians. It also criticized the interventional activities of Britain and Imperial Russia in Iran which was presumed by Jangal?’s as offensive and destructive. This article has touched upon the most important concerns of Jangal’s writers and their delineation of the social situation during this time.