وابستگان دربار قاجار و نهادهاي سياسي مدرن اروپايي

The Confrontation of Qājār Princes and Court-Relatives with Modern European Institutions

برخلاف صورت‌هاي قديم سلطه در ميان جوامع بشري و انحصار آن به اخذ باج و خراج و ناتواني در تغيير بنيادي شيوه مادي و معنوي زندگي جوامع تحت سلطه، استعمار يا صورت جديد سلطه در دوران جديد، افزون بر سلطه سياسي و اقتصادي با اتكاي به قدرت علمي، فني، اقتصادي، و تسليحاتي خويش شيوه زندگي مادي و معنوي را در مستعمرات و نيمه‌مستعمرات تغيير داد. در اين ميان ايران پس از نخستين شكست‌ها در برابر ارتش مدرن روسيه در آغاز قرن سيزدهم ه/ نوزدهم م براي دريافت تسليحات و علوم و فنون نظامي جديد، چندين بار وابستگان خود را به ممالك اروپايي فرستاد. يافته‌هاي اين تحقيق براساس روش تحليل محتوا، نشان مي‌دهد كه وابستگان دربار قاجار فقط قادر بودند صرفاً به نيازهاي نوظهور جامعه ايران در عرصه نظامي توجه كنند و به‌رغم مشاهده نهادهاي سياسي مدرن اروپايي و نقش آن‌ها در اداره قانونمند كشور و مسيله و نياز‌آفريني براي جوامع غيراروپايي، ازساير وجوه آن غافل ماندند و با توقف در مرتبه ادراك حسي (جز يك مورد) نهادها را به اقدامات شخصي سلاطين و آزمون و خطاي تاريخي آنان تقليل دادند و در درك نسبت جامعه ايران با نهادهاي سياسي مدرن اروپايي ناتوان ماندند.

Traditional formations of dominance in continental lands were mainly based on gathering taxes and direct application of power. In contrary, the most current of their modern alternatives, i.e. colonization used science and technology as its structural bases of power. So, it has been able to change more effectively the structure of thought and life of the colonized people. This study addressed an indigenous case of confrontation with modern civilization of the west that is Q?j?ri elite’s encountering with modern European colonization. Its purpose is to show how these Q?j?r elite understood modern western civilization and explain the main characteristics of their attitude to it as well. Its primary focus is on that part of aforementioned elite which in decades following the military defeats from Russia were sent to Europe to acquire some new information. Basing on textual analyzing method, this study aims to be able to present an explanation of this elite’s contribution to the approaches of Q?j?r government to modern European colonization. The results show that these Qajari elite were not able to attain a sound understanding of Iranian society’s situation in comparison with Europe. Their best achievement was a superficial grasp of European modern material culture which its strong focus was on military technology. They didn’t have a serious concern for political and social bases of this civilization with which they were dealing. Their understanding of modern European civilization did not proceed further than a sensational level. Therefore, they failed to understand and explain law and constitution as the crucial bases of this civilization.