شاخصه هاي كيفيت محيطي در شناسايي اولويتهاي مداخله در محدوده بافت فرسوده شهر بندر لنگه

Surveying Environment Quality Indicators in Detection of Interfering Priorities in Eroded Urban Structures of Bandar Lengeh

كيفيت يك فضا در شهر از برآيند مولفه هايي حاصل ميشود كه با شناسايي كاركردها و تاثيرات مناسب هريك از آنها بر فضا ميتوان راهكارهايي براي بهبود كيفيت فضاهاي شهري ارايه داد. در رابطه با بافتهاي فرسوده اين امر از اهميت بيشتري برخوردار است. در اين نوع بافت، بسياري از فضاها دچار فرسايش شده و مولفه هاي كيفي آن دچار نقصان است كه در طول زمان اين مسيله خود موجب از بين رفتن حيات يك بافت و محيط پيرامون آن ميشود. بنابراين توجه به كيفيات محيطي بافتهاي فرسوده يكي از مهمترين عوامل در شناسايي محدوده هاي هدف جهت مداخله در آن خواهد بود. حال سوال اين است كه آيا ميتوان روشي جهت شناسايي و تاثيرگذاري شاخصهاي كيفي در محدوده بافتهاي فرسوده ارايه كرد؟ و آيا نتايج اين تاثيرگذاري قابل مشاهده خواهد بود؟ به نظر ميرسد در شناسايي و مداخله در بافتهاي فرسوده شهرهاي كشورمان توجهي به شاخصهاي كيفي محيط نشده و پيشينه قابل توجهي از اين مباحث در مطالعات بافتهاي فرسوده مشاهده نميشود. به همين دليل در اين مقاله سعي بر آن است تا با مطالعات ريوس مباحث مربوط به كيفيات محيطي و شناسايي چگونگي تاثيرگذاري آن بر شاخصهاي مداخله در بافتهاي فرسوده قدمهاي اوليه در اين راه برداشته شود. بنابراين فرض بر اين خواهد بود كه شاخصهاي كيفي محيط كه شامل شاخص عملكردي، تجربيـ زيباييشناختي و شاخص زيست محيطي به عنوان پارامترهاي تاثيرگذار آن معرفي ميشود، ميتواند به عنوان شاخصهاي تاثيرگذار در شناسايي و مداخله در بافتهاي فرسوده مورد استفاده قرار گيرد. در اين مقاله به منظور بررسي معيارهاي كيفي در بافتهاي فرسوده، اقدام به تهيه الگويي مناسب با طبقه بندي شاخصه هايي در كنار شاخصه هاي مصوب شوراي عالي معماري و شهرسازي شده است كه در نهايت با سنجش و تحليل هريك از شاخصه هاي كيفي، نياز به ارتقا يا ايجاد آن در فضا قابل رويت شود. به اين ترتيب در راستاي شناسايي و اولويت بندي حوزه هاي مداخله در بافتهاي فرسوده، هريك از اين حوزه ها را ميتوان از باب معيارهاي كيفي قياس كرده و با وزندهي اين شاخصها و زيرمعيارها به روش AHP، حوزههاي مداخله را شناسايي و گونه مداخله متناسب با ويژگيهاي آن را نيز پيشنهاد كرد. در روند پژوهش، اين الگو در نمونه موردي بافت فرسوده بندرلنگه مورد ارزيابي قرار ميگيرد و اثر مثبت شاخصه هاي كيفي در كنار مصوبات شوراي عالي معماري و شهرسازي مشخص ميشود.

The degree of erosion in a structure is not the same throughout all of its different parts. Thus, determination of priority for interference after detection of erosion becomes vital. What is critical is the selection of the best method for inspection of eroded structure for realizing priorities, in order to determine the type of interference and based on that the gravity of erosion and the lifetime of urban structure and its relative spaces. Therefore, if we consider steps for confronting the phenomenon of building erosion, the first step is detection of eroded parts, the second step is the determination of priorities in detected eroded parts and the third step is selecting the method of interference. The prevalent method that is applied for this purpose is using approved criteria of the High Council of Architecture and Urban Planning of Iran. According to this, urban city structures are divided and defined to smaller sections that are called the area of block. This means that some areas that each include diverse blocks and comprise urban structures are evaluated. Therefore, vulnerable structures are defined based on vulnerable block. Vulnerable block is the one having at least one of the following triplet conditions: A.A block that at least 50% of its buildings are not strong due to the lack of proper structural systems and are based on non-standard building methods (instability). B.A block that at least 50% of its units are below 200 m2 (fineness). C.A block that least 50% of its sidewalk width (before being repaired) are dead-end or have a width of less than 6 meters or its penetration coefficient is less than 30% (non-penetration). In case of existence of any of the three mentioned main factors in the area or block of urban structures, that section has confronted erosion. In the order to prioritize different areas in eroded city sections the same criteria are applied. In this way, the higher the rate of the aforesaid factors in the area or block, the higher that will be on the list of priorities. Now this point is considered that whether in an eroded structure one of the quantitative indicators is hardly found how the areas or blocks can be prioritized and how the method of interference is specified. If the eroded structure is fine and penetrable despite approvals of High Council, it is physically erosion and instable? Then how can we prioritize it in terms of interference area? Does the difference between eroded structures is the result of differences between indicators of measurement? One of the critical issues in inspection of desirability of urban environments is detection of their quality. It has not been a long time since that expression has become prevalent in urban planning literature. A look at existing literature indicates that all efforts are associated with the concept of quality in urban spaces. In other words, it can be said that qualitative criteria in the mind of experts rises from a kind of mental ideal from urban spaces and this ideal can be known as an interpretation of sustainability of these spaces what is the main theme of urban planning objectives. Despite theoretical importance due to quality crisis that most city structures and urban spaces in Iran are experiencing, the issue of quality is among basic issues in confrontation with such spaces. The issue of quality is practically among fundamental discussions in confrontation of such spaces. This becomes essential concerning the eroded city structure because the structure has lost many of its qualitative components or has confronted erosion forming elements of place that this itself results in the destruction of the life of a city structure which will, in itself, reduce the qualities of surrounding areas. In this way, the effort for achieving sustainable space in eroded structures becomes more precise by detection and measurement of qualitative aspects of those spaces. Quality of a space in the city results from functional, formal and meaning components. By combining the mentioned components and detection of applications and appropriate effects of each of them on space, strategies can be presented for improving the quality of urban space. In this research, actions are taken to prepare an appropriate model by categorizing indicators besides approved indicators of High Council of Architecture and Urban Planning. In order to study the qualitative criteria in eroded city structures, one can use measuring and analyzing qualitative indicators through which the need for promotion or creation of quality in the space will be observable. In this way, along detection and prioritization of interference areas, each of them can be compared in terms of qualitative criteria and interfering areas. To that effect, answers to these questions could be determined: Are the indicators qualitatively detected by weighing them against their related sub-criteria? And did the interference model which was used correspond to its specifications? This model is evaluated in the case study of Bandar Lengeh eroded city structures in order to check the efficiency of qualitative indicators as well as the standards of High Council of Architecture and Urban Planning.