نقش سياسي، اجتماعي، اقتصادي گوهرشادآغا در خراسان عهد تيموري (با توجه به دو شهر مشهد و هرات)

Political, social, and economical role of Goharshad Aghain in Timurid period Khorasan (considering two cities of Mashhad and Heart)

امپراطوري بزرگي كه تيمور باني آن بود، پس از مرگش بين فرزندانش تقسيم شد. در اين بين خراسان و بخش هايي ديگر از سرزمين ايران از سال 807 تا سال 850 هجري قمري نصيب شاهرخ ميرزا گشت كه هرات در اين مدت به عنوان مركز فعاليت‌هاي سياسي، فرهنگي و اقتصادي شهرت يافت. هرات محل تجمع بازرگانان و مسافران بسياري از نقاط مختلف جهان گرديد و در هر گوشه و كنار آن ساختمان‌هاي عظيم، نماي زيبايي را در شهر به نمايش مي‌گذاشتند. پس از هرات، مشهد دومين شهر تمركز خاندان تيموري به حساب مي‌آمد. شهري كه به دليل افزايش جمعيت شيعه ي آن و وجود بارگاه امام رضا (ع) و بناهاي زيباي تيموري ، رو به رشد و ترقي نهاده بود و بدين گونه با حمايت‌هاي شاهرخ و گوهرشاد، امرا و بزرگان تيموري سبك معماري باشكوهي در بخش‌هاي شرقي ايران تمركز يافت. گوهرشاد آغا، معروف به مهدعليا، ضمن همراهي همسرش شاهرخ، كه به ويژه پس از مرگ تيمور، ابتدا وقت خود را صرف امور نظامي و تحكيم امور سياسي كرده بود؛ در توسعه ي شهرسازي و امور عام المنفعه و امور سياسي نقشي به سزايي داشت.

The great emperor founded by Taymur was divided after his death among his children. At this time, Khorasan and some other parts of Iran was given to Shahrokh Mirza between years 807 and 850. During this period, Heart found fame as the center of political, cultural and economical activities. Herat became a place where many merchants and passengers from many parts of the world gathered and in every section of that, tall buildings gave a beautiful view to the city. After Herat, Mashhad was the second central city of Timurid reign. City which had started to progress and develop because of increase in Shias population and existence of Imam Reza (PBUH)’s shrine and beautiful buildings of Timurid period. And so with supports from Shahrokh and Goharshad, and also important persons of Timurid reign, a big architecture method was centered in eastern parts of Iran. Goharshad Agha, Known as Mahd Ulya, along with her spouse, Shahrokh, who had invested his time in military issues and establishing political affairs after Taymur’s death, had an important role in development of city and public and political affairs.