بررسي تاثير عوامل فردي و محيطي بر رفتار كارآفرينانه دانشجويان دانشگاه كردستان

Survey of Individual and Environmental Factors Influencing Student’s Entrepreneurial Behavior in Kurdistan University

هدف اين تحقيق بررسي چگونگي تاثير عوامل فردي و محيطي بر رفتار كارآفرينانه‌ي دانشجويان دانشگاه كردستان است. اين تحقيق برحسب هدف كاربردي و براساس شيوه‌ي گردآوري داده‌ها توصيفي بوده و از نوع پيمايشي مي‌باشد. جامعه‌ي آماري كليه‌ي دانشجويان مقاطع تحصيلي كارشناسي و كارشناسي ارشد دانشگاه كردستان در نيمسال دوم سال تحصيلي 90-89 را شامل مي‌شود كه براساس فرمول كوكران 260 نفر به شيوه‌ي طبقه‌اي تصادفي ساده به‌عنوان نمونه‌ي آماري انتخاب شده است. براي جمع‌آوري داده‌ها از ابزار پرسش‌نامه، جهت تعيين اعتبار الگو از نرم‌افزار Amos و براي تعيين ميزان تاثير عوامل فردي و محيطي بر رفتار كارآفرينانه از آزمون كاي‌دو بهره گرفته شده است. نتايج نشان مي‌دهد كه عوامل فردي رابطه‌ي معني‌داري با ويژگي‌هاي كارآفرينانه دارد، به‌طوري‌كه دانشجويان پسر و آن‌هايي كه وضعيت تحصيلي مناسبي دارند، حس توفيق‌طلبي، استقلال‌طلبي و خلاقيت در آن‌ها بيش‌تر مي‌باشد. از ديگر يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش تاثير مورد انتظار و ادراكات دانشجويان از محيط كارآفرينانه‌ي دانشگاه بر تقويت رفتارهاي كارآفرينانه‌ي آن‌ها است.

The purpose of the present research is to survey the impacts of individual and environmental factors on students’ entrepreneurial behavior as a case study in Kurdistan University. This study is based on the application and methods of data collection as a descriptive survey. The statistical samples are undergraduate and graduate schools of education including students of Basic Sciences, Humanities, Engineering and Agricultural Faculties of Kurdistan University in the second semester 90-89 (2010-2011) in which according to Cochran formula 260 students randomly have been selected by using the applied and descriptive method as research methodology. The data are collected through questionnaires and then AMOS software and chi-square test are employed for hypotheses testing. The results of research indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between individual factors and entrepreneurial attributes in which studentʹs gender and educational status impact their entrepreneurial attributes. Male students and those who have good academic status have higher achievements, orientation, independence and creativity. Environmental factors affect the characteristics of students’ entrepreneurial behavior as well. The students who had established a business and are already employed have a positive perception of their learning environment and participate in educational programs related to entrepreneurial behavior and typically similar characteristics, such as seeking success, creativity and self-control at a high level. All in all, the results of this study show that students, entrepreneurial characteristics influenced by personal factors, expectations and perception of environment will impact their entrepreneurial behaviors.