دشواره كاربست فرضيه در پژوهش‌هاي تاريخي

The use of hipothesis in historical

چكيده پژوهش تاريخي، با بهره‌گيري از اسناد معتبر صورت مي‌گيرد، اما حضور نداشتن در صحنه‌ي واقعه، باعث مي‌گردد پژوهشگر نتواند به طور زنده، داده‌هاي مورد نياز را جمع‌آورد. همين امر، سبب مي‌شود پژوهش‌ تاريخي دچار ضعف شود؛ زيرا محقق ناچار مي‌شود گسست ميان مدارك به دست آمده را با حدس و تفسير پر كند. پرسش اساسي آن است كه علم تاريخ، چگونه مي‌تواند با فرضيه همنشين شود؟ فرضيه‌اي كه از اساس، موجب جهت‌دار شدن شيوه‌ي خوانش متون تاريخي مي‌گردد و تاريخ واقعي يك رويداد را به قرايتي خاص از يك رخداد بدل مي‌كند؟ وضع مسيله‌انگيز آن است كه علم تاريخ از جنبه‌ي يك انتظام دانشورزانه، بدون تعامل با ديگر شاخه‌هاي علوم انساني، گيرايي كافي ندارد؛ زيرا به زنجيره‌اي بي‌پايان از رويدادهاي تلنبار شده بدل مي‌گردد. وانگهي، كمك‌گيري متقابل آكادميك نيز سبب مي‌گردد اصل واقعه‌ي تاريخي شناسايي نشود. فرضيه‌سازي، تيغ دو دم علم تاريخ است، هم ناجي است هم نافي

Abstract Researches in history must be based on valid historical documents. However, the absence of the historian in the historical fields which leads to his / her inability to collect valid data causes the weakness of historical researches and studies, because in such situations the researcher has to fill the gaps in the documents with his / her own speculations and guesses. The special function of history as a firsthand knowledge and cognitive study is the recognition, and reinterpretation of those events which occurred in the past. Therefore, what actually happened in most cases is different from what is now narrated as an event with historical label. The main concern of this study is to explain how history can employ theory. Theories can make the reading and understanding of historical texts directional and may change the real date of the occurrences of a historical incident as a special reading or interpretation of a historical event. The problematic issue is that the science of history cannot do without interactions with the other branches of humanities because without other humanities, history will lose its attractions and will turn into an endless chain of historical events. However, interactions with the other academic disciplines may lead into relegating the main historical events into background. Theorization acts as a double sword which is both beneficial and harmful because it might both save and sacrifice.