كليدواژه :
مركز- پيرامون , مناطق مركزي , ايران , مناطق مرزي , نابرابرهاي منطقه‌اي
چكيده فارسي :
نابرابري‌هاي منطقه‌اي ميان مناطق مرزي و مركزي در اكثر كشورهاي جهان سوم امري اجتناب‌ناپذير مي‌باشد، كه در اثر ساختارهاي متمركز نظام برنامه‌ريزي در فرآيند تاريخي به‌وجود آمده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناخت الگوي توسعه‌ي فضايي منطقه‌اي حاكم بر ايران به بررسي نابرابري‌هاي ميان مناطق مرزي و مركزي، با روش توصيفي- تحليلي به‌صورت تطبيقي با استفاده از نرم‌افزار رايانه‌اي SPSS و روش وزن‌دهي آنتروپي شانون، مدل تاپسيس، آزمون T-test و تحليل خوشه‌اي K ميانگين انجام گرفته است. نتايج، بيانگر آن است كه درجه توسعه‌يافتگي در مناطق مرزي 057/0 و مناطق مركزي 169/0 مي‌باشد و نابرابري‌هاي منطقه‌اي ميان مناطق مرزي و مركزي بسيار بالا بوده و اين نسبت معادل 6/1 مي‌باشد. در واقع مي‌توان گفت مناطق مركزي در ايران حدود 3 برابر بيشتر از مناطق مرزي توسعه‌يافته‌تر است. همچنين ميزان نابرابري‌هاي درون منطقه‌اي مناطق مرزي 08/1 و مناطق مركزي 43/1 مي‌باشد؛ كه اين ارقام بيانگر نابرابري و عدم تجانس و واگرايي بين استان‌هاي كشور است. البته با حذف تهران (با احتساب استان البرز) نابرابري‌هاي درون منطقه‌اي مناطق مركزي حدود 5/2 برابر كاهش مي‌يابد و به عدد 63/0 مي‌رسد و تجانس و همگرايي نسبي بر مناطق مركزي حاكم مي‌شود. همچنين تفاوت ميان مناطق مرزي و مركزي ايران با استفاده از آزمون T نشان مي‌دهد كه مقدار T به‌دست آمده برابر با 793/1 با سطح معناداري 084/ است كه با سطح اطمينان 90 درصد، تفاوت آشكار نسبت توسعه‌يافتگي مناطق مرزي و مركزي ايران را تاييد مي‌نمايد. همچنين نتايج تحقيق نشان دهنده آن است كه نه تنها ميان توسعه مناطق مرزي و مركزي تفاوت و نابرابري وجود دارد، بلكه ميان درون مناطق چه در مناطق مرزي و چه در مناطق مركزي نيز تفاوت‌هاي فاحش و چشمگيري وجود دارد. در واقع توسعه‌يافتگي مناطق مركزي و توسعه‌نيافتگي مناطق مرزي بيانگر الگوي توسعه منطقه‌اي مركز - پيرامون در ساختار فضايي كشوراست.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Regional inequalities between border and central regions of most third world countries is inevitable, that created Centralized system of planning structures in the historical process. Border areas of Iran have 16 provinces and central regions of the 14 provinces (including Alborz in Tehran Province). Approximately 50 percent of the area (50/7 percent of the population) belonging in the countryʹs border regions. This revealed that 50 percent of the countryʹs development should be concentrated in border areas. Be created regional balance in the space of Iran. While the focus of the facilities and services in centre the remoteness and deprivation some of the border provinces. Therefore in this study is trying to changes in population and development indicators in the border and central areas of Iran and the comparison to be investigated. To understanding of various dimensions and angles, the inequalities the spatial structure of country is determined. Review theoretical literature on the development of border areas shows that in this study, develop in three approaches the traditional approach where, approach to cross-border cooperation and popular approach to border has been studied and analyzed.
Methodology
This study has been done with descriptive-analytical method; the main objective of this research understands the pattern of development space of Iran. To achieve the goal, border areas with the central areas are compared. Index of 30 indicators of economic, social, cultural and industrial that data from the Statistical Center of Iran, General Population and Housing Census and Statistical Yearbook of the provinces based in 2006 statistics are collected. Also, will be explored the reform of economic structures - political, the political economy, ideology and political philosophy of governance. Therefore, using the Shannon entropy weighting factors have been studied weight. Then the ratings were from 30 provinces Tapsis. Finally, the test T-test, border and central regions were compared and comparative study.
Discussion and Results
Using entropy weighting and tapsis model, Tehran province (including Alborz in Tehran province) with 0/6739 as the most developed province and Ilam province with 0/0078 as the most deprived province. Development gap between Tehran and Ilam is 124/859. This figure shows large distances of the first and most deprived provinces of Iran that the spatial structure of regional disparities in Iran is very high. Results of analysis based on the average K cluster it was found that the province with 0/2654 is developed in border areas that among the 30 provinces in the third level is dedicated to the development. The low level of development in border areas, East Azarbaijan and Khuzestan provinces, respectively in 0/1307 and 0/0821 are located. The provinces of Isfahan Among in central areas of high development levels and the provinces of Fars, Yazd and Qom have moderate levels of development. The province of Kerman, Semnan and Hamedan are located in the lower levels of development. By using the coefficient of dispersion, Degree of regional disparities between central and border areas are 1/6 that Show a high disparity between the border regions and central areas. Given this, the average development in border regions 0/057 and the central regions of 0/169 can be expressed in the central regions of Iran, about 3 times higher than the border areas have been developed. Degree of regional disparities in the border areas 1/08 and the central areas are 1/43 that These figures show the inequality and the divergence between the provinces of the country that breakdown of statistics related to the elimination of Tehran and the Alborz province, regional inequalities within the central areas of the 2/5 times reduced and is 0/63 and relative convergence in the central areas will be created. Also, investigate whether the difference between central areas and border areas of Iran the value of the T 1/793 with significance is 0/084. Show that n with % 90 confidences, the development of border areas and central areas of Iran; there is a difference that with the removal of Khorasan Razavi Province the T to 2/008 with a %95 increases.
Conclusion
According to surveys, not only between development of border and central areas differences and inequalities there are, but the border and central areas there are also differences. As long as the cause of areas inequality is not reduced, the reduction of regional inequalities will not be outsourced. And model development center - around the space as the dominant model in Iran. The central areas of the development of border areas have much better conditions and this patern shows that we are much closer to the Central areas of Iran Provinces are more developed. Top-down government planning and transfer of powers to lower levels of divisions caused by the lack of understanding of normal capacity is proper and appropriate expectations. And geographical injustice of algebraic inequalities in the country has sparked a biological foundation. Inequality and exclusion, as it must be acknowledged that the developments of a coin, a direct threat to the security community are considered. Any development plan without regard to the general plan to eliminate inequalities can not be done. Therefore, the development of resources in a major role in strengthening cooperation between border provinces can have a border with neighboring countries and can accelerate the development process at the national level.
