شناسايي و رتبه بندي موانع توسعه سامانه ملي خريد و فروش فناوري (فن بازار) در ايران

Identifying and Ranking the National Technology Exchange System (Technomart) Development Barriers in Iran

طي چندسالي كه از شكل گيري فن بازار در كشور مي گذرد، ساختار مذكور به دلايل مختلف به عنوان بازار فناوري فعاليت نكرده و عملكرد خود را محدود به اطلاع رساني در حوزه هاي مختلف كرده است. اين در حالي است كه وظيفه اصلي فن بازار و كاركردي كه باعث ايجاد ارزش افزوده ميشود، عملكرد آن به عنوان سامانه خريد و فروش فناوري است. در اين مقاله بعضي از عوامل تاثيرگذار بر اين مشكل، احصا شده اند. آنچه در مقاله حاضر مدنظر است، بررسي موانع و چالش هاي شكل گيري و توسعه فن بازار و يافتن ميزان اهميت آنهاست كه از طريق ارزيابي مجدد و روزآمد كردن مطالعات انجام شده در مورد فن بازار و احصا موانع در حوزه هاي فرهنگي، اقتصادي، سياسي و... انجام خواهد شد. همچنين از روش هاي آماري رگرسيون مرحله اي و نيز تحليل همبستگي، ميزان اهميت هركدام از موانع مذكور مشخص خواهد شد. با مشخص شدن موانع مذكور و نيز ميزان اهميت آنها، علاوه بر برنامه ريزي بهتر و دقيقتر براي ايجاد فن بازار ملي، مراكز متولي مانند پارك هاي علم و فناوري كه وظيفه مديريت تحقيق و توسعه را بر عهده دارند، تلاش خود را معطوف به داشتن ساختاري متمركز، كارآمد و در خدمت توسعه فناوري كشور خواهند كرد. بنابراين، مقاله حاضر سعي بر آن دارد تا ضمن احصا كردن موانع مذكور، به منظور برنامه ريزي براي رفع موانع، ميزان اهميت و تاثيرگذاري هركدام را نيز مشخص نمايد.

In developing countries, using technomart as a mechanism for the development and management of technology has been taken into consideration for about three decades and pursued by the relevant organizations. But the problem is that, in some countries (such as the authorʹs country Iran) this structure has not been very useful or successful up until now regarding to its primary goals. In other words, technomart functions were limited to information dissemination and have not been converted from a push system to a pull one. Some of these effective factors are known, but others still remain unknown. In this article, we have aimed to evaluate the barriers of implementation and development of technomart regarding to its primary and functional goals as a pool system. This has been done through scrutinizing the current model and previous studies, especially with a focus on the current barriers to the creation of a technology market such as cultural, economic and political barriers. This will be done through studying and renewing the current technomart models with the emphasis on developing countries. In this research we also identify barriers better and then demomstrate the importance and impact of each one in order to increase the accuracy and reliability of future planning. In the first stage, consideration is given to identifying strengths and weaknesses of technomarts and similar structures which are active in the field of technology management. The results of the first stage and also expert comments show us that developing technomarts from a push system to a pull one has two kinds of barriers, categorized in to seven constructs. Internal barriers are related to strategies and promoting activity constructs, while external barriers consist of the network, economy, national innovation system, technology- related services and legal infrastructure constructs. After identifying the constructs as obstacles, using stepwise regression and Pearson correlation analysis methods, the importance of each factor and priority of each construct is determined. Also technomart success factors are shown as a separate construct.