كليدواژه :
آسياي مركزي , ژيوپليتيك , قدرتها منطقه‌اي و فرامنطقه اي , اهداف ژيوپليتيكي
چكيده فارسي :
با فروپاشي نظام دو قطبي، آسياي مركزي به‌عنوان بخش جنوبي از قلمرو هارتلند نظريه مكيندر، هويت جغرافيايي - سياسي مستقل پيدا كرده و به‌عنوان فضاي فاقد قدرت تاثير گذار، به عرصه رقابت قدرتهاي منطقه‌اي و فرامنطقه‌اي تبديل شد فقدان قدرت تاثيرگذار و نوپايي جمهوري‌هاي آن، زمينه ساز دخالت قدرتهاي منطقه‌اي و فرامنطقه‌اي را در اين حوزه استراتژيك فراهم كرده است. قدرتهاي ياد شده هر كدام داراي اهداف، منافع و ديدگاهاي خاص خود مي‌باشند كه شناخت صيح ديدگاههاي آنان زمينه‌ساز اتخاذ سياستهاي مناسب‌تري از جانب دستگاه سياست خارجي ايران خواهد بود. مقاله حاضر با روش توصيفي و تحليلي و تكيه بر منابع كتابخانه‌اي در پي تبيين اهداف حضور قدرتهاي فوق از منظر ژيوپليتيك در منطقه آسياي مركزي است. نتايج حاصله بيانگر اين مطلب است كه قدرتهاي منطقه اي و فرامنطقه‌اي مانند ايران، روسيه و چين، علاوه بر هدف توسعه نفوذ خود در منطقه، داراي نگرانيهاي امنيتي نيز مي‌باشند و بخشي از نقش‌آفريني اين كشورها متوجه كسب توانايي بازدارندگي در مقابل تهديدات در آسياي مركزي است. تركيه به‌عنوان ديگر قدرت منطقه اي است كه در حال حاضر با تكيه بر قدرت اقتصادي خود و اشتراكات فرهنگي سعي در نقش‌آفريني فعال و موثر در منطقه را دارد. آمريكا بازيگر اصلي فرامنطقه اي در آسياي مركزي است كه در جستجوي اهداف اقتصادي و ژيواستراتژيك خاص خود است و قصد دارد فرآيندهاي منطقه اي را با اجراي استرات‍ژي تركيبي تحت كنترل خود بگيرد. اتحاديه اروپا نيز با توجه به بنيان‌هاي اقتصادي خود حضور موفقي در منطقه دارد. اروپا داراي ديدگاهي عمدتاً تجاري بوده و چندان به‌دنبال كسب جايگاه ژيوپليتيكي در منطقه نيست. اقدامات اسراييل نيز در منطقه با توجه به اهداف خاص و جذابيت‌هايي كه اسراييل براي جمهوري هاي منطقه آسياي مركزي و قفقاز دارد، با موفقيت نسبي توام بوده است. اسراييل علاوه بر اينكه توانسته روابط خوبي با منطقه برقرار كند، موفق شده است تا با جلب همكاري كشورهايي همچون تركيه و ايالات متحده از آنها نيز در جهت پيشبرد اهداف مورد نظر خود بهره‌برداري نمايد.
چكيده لاتين :
Extended Abstract
With the collapse of the bipolar system, Central Asia as Southern district of realm of Heartland theory, the region that with the emergence of independent states have an independent Geographical -political identity, As a space powerless and no influence, became to regional and trans regional Powers competition. The results indicate that this Regional and trans-regional powers that like Iran, Russia and China, besides expanding their influence in the region, have the security concerns are And part of the role of these countriesʹ ability to achieve deterrence against threats in Central Asia.
Methodology
This paper descriptive and analytical methods and relying on the library resources in Central Asia is the purpose of the foregoing powers.
Results and Discussion
Data collected to respond to the central question of paper are summarized in three parts, the first reviews the history regional and trans-regional powers in Central Asia, and interests and goals and objectives their powers in this region.
Territories of Central Asia, including areas that long geopolitical competition between the great powers of worldwide has been And in particular the second half of the nineteenth century, Russia and Great Britain as the two main actors dream to put on each other where political rivalries, both military and geopolitical empire of the nineteenth century great Game in Central Asia, the term was applied. Quite competitive century colonial Great Game in Central Asia geopolitical arena was with the Great Russian Revolution in 1917. Ended.
Central Asia Apart from the political Soviet realm, and geopolitical region during the Cold War, With the collapse of the Soviet Union and independence of the republics surviving Central Asian other regional and international actors in Central Asia and around the Caspian Sea have formed In the form of "New Great Game".
This great new game, mainly between Russia, Iran, Turkey, America, Europe Union, China and some other countries and multinational companies in the past decade the region has been going on.
Conclusion
With the collapse of the Soviet Union and independence of the Central Asian republics surviving other regional and international actors, "New Great Game" in Central Asia and around the Caspian Sea has formed. Central Asia as part of the field range of Iranian civilization, the foreign policy of Iran has a special place. Important political, economic and military influence in the region has led Russia to continue to know it and know it’s near abroad, to prevent rival powers. If you look at China more security to the region is Chinaʹs main interest is to achieve energy resources of its neighbors. Turkey also has other regional power it is now fairly well based on their economic power, Above all use common cultural region and geopolitical approaches Appropriate and reasonable in its foreign policy in this area and provide for its strong footprints in newly independent countries. A strong presence in the region, the Europe Union, according to their economic successful presence in the region. View in Europe is mainly a commercial area and not about the seeking of geopolitical position. Basically, with the justification that the United States in twenty-first century will witnessed the battle over access to energy resources, Extensive attempts have been organized In order to master the Persian Gulf and Caspian energy resources.
Israel, In addition to that able and tried to establish good relations with the region, has been successful with the cooperation of countries like Turkey and the United States can exploit them to their desired goals.
