تبيين مباني فلسفي مطالعات پويايي‌شناسي سيستم با استفاده از رويكرد استقرايي:طبقه‌بندي پارادايمي از مدل‌‌هاي مطالعات پويايي‌‌شناسي سيستم

Explanation of the Philosophical Foundations of System DynamicsUsing Deductive Method: Paradigmatic Classification of System Dynamics Models

روش‌شناسي پويايي‌‌شناسي سيستم با ادعاي شناخت ساختارِ اصلي تعيينكننده رفتارهاي اجتماعي، اقتصادي و فني، پژوهشگران حوزههاي مختلفي را به سوي خود جلب كرده است. بيترديد، مباني فلسفي و نظري پويايي‌‌شناسي سيستم يا همان پيش‌فرض‌‌هاي آن، در نحوه اجراي فرايند مدل‌سازي براي تبيين و سناريوسازي مسايل مختلف، نقش مهمي ايفا خواهد كرد؛ به گونهاي كه ممكن است فرايند مدل‌سازي و خروجي آن با مباني مختلف، تغيير كند و با انتظارات مدل‌ساز از اين روششناسي، در تناقض افتد. با توجه به اينكه مباني نظري پوياييهاي سيستم، از ابتدا، به خوبي تبيين نشده در اين مقاله بر آنيم پس از مروري گذرا بر نظرات مطروح و بيان علت پراكندگي آنها، به تبييني جامع از مباني فلسفي پويايي‌‌هاي سيستم برسيم. بدين منظور در رويكردي استقرايي (جز به كل)، به بررسي مباني فلسفي مدل‌‌هايي كه تاكنون با اين روش طراحي شده است پرداختيم. خروجي استفاده از اين رويكرد، طبقه‌بندي مدلهاي پويايي‌شناسي سيستم بر اساس مباني فلسفي حاكم بر آن‌ها بود. بر اساس اين طبقه‌‌بندي مي‌‌توان ادعا كرد كه رويكردهاي متعددي به عنوان مباني فلسفي مطالعات پويايي‌شناسي سيستم وجود دارد و پيشنهاد نويسندگان براي اين عنوان، كثرتگرايي تلفيقي است كه بنا بر نوع مسيله مورد نظر، پارادايم خاصي در فرايند مدل‌سازي حاكم خواهد بود.

System dynamics methodology has attracted researchers in different fields with the claim of recognizing the main structure of techno-socio-economic behaviors. Undoubtedly, philosophical and theoretical foundations of system dynamics or itʹs assumptions play an important role in the modeling process for the explanation of a problem and policy-making such that there might be different modeling processes and subsequently distinct outcomes with different foundations and also, there might be conflict between the modelerʹs expectations from this methodology and what would happen, in reality. However, system dynamics philosophy hadn’t been explained well from the beginning and years after its emergence and its being developed in other fields, there was a declaration from SD’s specialists in this regard. Subsequently, suggestions that are sometimes dissimilar were proposed. Thus, in this research, after reviewing proposed ideas and explaining the reasons of their dispersal; we have tried to reach a holistic explanation of system dynamics philosophy. In this regard, by using a deductive approach, philosophical foundations of SD models designed with this method are surveyed. The outcome of this survey is a paradigmatic classification of system dynamics models based on their dominant philosophical foundations. These are: positivist system dynamics, post positivist system dynamics, critical pluralist system dynamics, pragmatist system dynamics, constructivist system dynamics, transformative-emancipatory-critical system dynamics, and interpretivist system dynamics. According to this classification, it can be claimed that there are different approaches as the philosophical foundations of system dynamics. The author’s suggestion is a combined pluralism, which means based on the surveyed problem a special kind of paradigm will dominate the modeling process.