سير تحول غزل از جاهلي تا اموي

Sonnet trend development from Age of Jahelid to Umayyad

بي شك نجواها و نغمه هاي خيال انگيز قاموس دلدادگي كه در لفافه غزل در پيكره شعر و ادب عربي راه يافت و توجه و اقبال روزافزون شاعران را به اين گونه شعري در پي داشت بشدت تحت تاثير چكامه هاي دلكش و دلرباي چهره هاي نامدار عرصه ادب جاهلي در آغاز سروده هايشان بود آنان با جهت بخشيدن به امواج خروشان و پرتلاطم ساحل بيكران احساسات و عواطف، پايه هاي قالب غزل را پي-ريزي كردند و زمينه تغيير و تحول را در نگرش ادبي شاعران دوره هاي بعد فراهم نمودند. در پي تحولات سياسي اجتماعي و اقتصادي دوره هاي اسلامي و اموي كه نقطه عطفي در تاريخ عرب بشمار مي آيد، نوگرايي و تجديد در مضمونهاي شعري از جمله غزل، امري اجتناب ناپذير به نظر ميرسيد؛ بطوريكه تلاش براي پديد آوردن اصول و مباني جديد جاي كوشش براي تطبيق اصول از پيش پذيرفته شده را گرفت. غزلسرايان در دوره اموي مباني جديد خود را سامان بخشيدند؛ غزل را بعنوان مضمون شعري مستقل معرفي كردند اما اين در حالي بود كه چكامه هاي عاشقانه مطلع اشعار با الهام از ويژگي صداقت قدرت و انسجام دربرابر شاخه هاي قالب جديد شعري رنگ نباخت و توانست با پويايي به حيات خود ادامه دهد.

There is no doubt that fantastic whispers and melodies of love terms, which have found its way into sonnet envelope through the body of Arabic poetry and literature and drew poets’ attention ever- increasingly and welcomed by them, were followed by a type of verse that was seriously affected by charming and nice odes recited by well-known literary characters at Age of Jahelid. At the beginning of their verses, by orientation of rising and turbulent waves on the endless shores of emotions and feelings, they lay foundations for sonnet frameworks and prepared platform for change and development in literary attitude of poets at the next periods. Following of sociopolitical and economic developments, the Islamic and Umayyad periods which are considered as turning point in Arabic history, neologism and innovation seemed inevitable in poetic themes including sonnet; so that making effort for creation of modern principles and bases was substituted by adaptation of the pre- accepted principles. Sonnet versifiers in Umayyad era organized their own new principles and introduced sonnet as an independent poetic theme while romantic odes at the beginning of poems were not faded away by inspiration from attribute of power honesty and consolidation against modern branches of poetic frameworks and managed to survive dynamically