بررسي آثار سفالين پيكاسو با نگاهي به سفال هاي كهن

Analysis of Picasso’s ceramic with regards to the view on old potteries

آثار سفالين نقاشان و مجسمه سازان ارتباطي بين مسيله كاربرد اثر سفالين و ماهيت اثر سفالين بر قرار مي كند. از زمان گوگن تا نبي ها، از فوويست ها تا كبرا، از پيكاسو تا تپيس مواجه و رويارو با احساسات و نحوه بيان، كه ريشه در افق هاي متفاوت و متنوع وابسته به تاريخ آفرينش هاي هنري در قرن بيستم دارد، هستيم. اين مقاله بدون شك موقعيتي است براي مطالعه آفرينش هاي عالي نقاش، مجسمه ساز و هنرمند بزرگ قرن بيستم، پيكاسو، با يك تكنيك هنري كهن كه از زمان هاي قديم تا آخرين ربع قرن نوزدهم فقط منحصر به سفالگر بوده است و گواهي است از جهش بزرگ آفرينشي كه در اين هنر دميده است. شيوه و روش خاص اين هنرمند در خلق آثار سفالين بدعتي بود در جهت احياي اين هنر و عليرغم تقابلي كه اين آثار در نگاه اول با سفال سنتي دارند در حقيقت وام گيرنده از آنها هستند. از اينرو علاوه بر بررسي روند شكل گيري سفالهاي هنرمند كه مبين ابعاد گوناگون روياررويي با سفال و احياي قابليت هاي آن است، اين جستار نشانگر تقارب و ارتباط اين آثار با نمونه هاي بجا مانده ازگذشتگان است و ابداع و نوآوري هنرمند را با الهام از آثار گذشتگان عرضه مي نمايد.

The potteries made by the artist painters and sculptors provide relations between their applications and the nature of the ceramic. We are confronting the feeling and the expressions rooting in different horizons, dependent on the history of artistic creations in the 20th century, dealing with the era of Gauguin to Nabi’s time, the Fauvists’ to Cobra’s era and Picasso’s time to Tàpies’s . Undoubtedly this article provides a situation for studying the superb creations of the great artist of 20th century, Picasso, as a painter and sculptor, with an old artistic technique that was exclusive to potters of the ancient periods to potters of the last quarter of the 19th century, and is an evidence for his developments in creation of this art. By the age of 65 i.e. 1947 that Picasso was in his last quarter of his age, he became a potter and has left over 4000 potteries that he created in France, in a village called Vallauris. His variable and exceptional works have been created through accurate studies of shapes and adding expressions and meanings to the potteries. These works ware produced by different methods and are prominently distinguished with the work done by ordinary potters. But in spite of this difference, it is rooted in the creations by ancient artists, which indicates the sensitivity and considerations of this artist for this ancient artistic work, as well as his initiative morale and mentality. The specific method of this artist in creating his ceramic work was with regards to his innovations towards revitalize this art, and despite the differences with traditional potteries, his technique was indeed originated from the traditional ceramic work. These semblances prove that in his later life, Picasso not only has new experiences and techniques on his side but also gives the emphasis to the culture, history and experiences of past generations and notices to them the things that inspire him to create masterpieces. He considers and observes in the origin of forms and materializes him thinking results. Hence, in adding to studying the trend of formation of this artist’s potteries, this research shows the relations of his work with the works remained from the past potters. Initiations and creativity of Picasso are observed in all his work. The mentioned work in this article indicate a short view towards the enrichment of the ceramic products, made by Picasso having common points with his other works such as paintings and sculptures for the freedom of creating them, that may have contradictions with the traditional rules of this thousands of years old technique. But Picasso never hesitated about discovering all the potentials of the art of pottery. More importantly, he shows that objects could freely be created by clay and one could have a different view about the art of pottery. Moreover, his work show that innovations could be made and developed by relying on past cultures and the experiences of past people could be applied by putting new look and considerations into them.