نوع لباس و نمادهاي رنگ در عرفان اسلامي

Costume type and Color symbolism in Islamic mysticism

جايگاه عرفان را مي‎توان اعتماد بر اشراق در كشف حقيقت دانست تا عقل و استدلال. عرفان در ميان مسلمانان، مخصوص صوفيان است كه در گذر زمان و مكان تغيير نام داده‎اند. يكي از راه‎هاي درك زبان عرفا، شناخت نمادهاي ايشان در لباس و رنگ‎هاي آن است. عرفا معتقدند كه علماي طريقت، بايد به شكل و رنگ لباسي درآيند كه مناسب حال و مقام ايشان باشد. در اين مقاله سعي بر آن است تا علاوه بر معرفي ويژگي صوفيان و اهل زهد در اسلام، جامه ايشان، برخي از تاج هاي ايشان، رنگ تاج ها و معاني نمادين آن مورد بررسي قرار گيرد. همچنين علل استفاده از اينگونه پوشش و رنگ‎ها نيز بيان گردد. نگارنده در جهت درك و شناخت صحيح، از كتب، روايات و گفتار اهل حق سود جسته است. در انتها بنيادهاي عرفاني رنگ را از منظر برخي عرفاي مسلمان مانند نجم رازي، نجم‎الدين كبري، علا الدوله سمناني و ابن‎هيثم و جايگاه‎ رنگ‎هاي مورد استفاده به عنوان سنجشي عقلاني و شرعي را بيان داشته است. در استفاده از كتب سعي بر آن بوده تا جاي ممكن از برخي منابع نوشتاريِ اسلامي بهره گرفته شود و سپس با طبقه‎بندي محتواي مطالب، به بازشناخت البسه و رنگ‎هاي آن در ميان اهل حق پرداخته شده است.

The significance of mysticism can be traced in relying on illumination rather than logic and reasoning to discover the truth. Theoretically speaking, mysticism means having belief in understanding the truth and practically speaking it means leaving superficial customs and resorting to suffering. Mysticism among Muslims is exclusive to mystics who have changed names over time. Sufi is someone who sees nothing but God. In addition to that, wool in Arabic is called “Suf” and those who wear wool clothing choose staying away from materialism, a simple life. Mystics believe that the scholars of the way should come in the type of form and color is suitable for their condition and status. In this Article, 14 kinds of costumes have been introduced for most of the mystics. Also some of their crowns and the way they are supposed to be worn and also their colors and patches and the meaning of their symbols, have been defined. Also, there has been an attempt to analyze the colors of the clothing of the mystics and their colorful symbols and the reasons for using these garments and colors will be studies. As far as the costumes are concerned, the mystics have no special conditions in clothing unless the sole purpose is to stay warm or cool, not showing any bragging, not to be pretentions, not to seek fame, staying away from materialism, elevation to higher degrees of humanistic aspect, not paying attention to the type of clothing worn, staying away from the multiplication of the pieces of clothing, getting close to God, a reason for being humble and staying away from pride and corruption. Their garment is symbol of cutting away for worldly attachment. Of course showing off by the type of material texture and the size of the garment is also of importance which should be ignored. The color of clothing should not be the reason for preference of one person over another. It is a reminder that Prophet Mohammad never declared wearing such garments as an official slogan. In Islamic- Iranian chromatology, the spiritual observations of the mystics in hustle and the bustle of his life appropriate with the level of knowledge and the purity of his soul are different and these differences in colors are clear. For example, wearing white garment is the symbol of peace. Black (color) belongs to those whose heart is the treasure of secrets. Dark blue in clothes is the most common color among the mystics which has the simplicity of white and the perfection of black. Green is the accepted and lively color which contains the illumination existence of mankind and it is an image of divine nature. In this direction, this article wishes to shed more light on mystics and the pious in Islam, their costumes and the colors thereof. The author has used from books and narrations of mystics for better understanding of the issue and then through content classification, the mystics, costumes and their colors will be touched upon.