روش شناسي طراحي صنعتي در عصر پسامدرن

Methodology in Industrial Design in Post Modern

تغيير مختصات زندگي در عرصه هاي اقتصادي، اجتماعي، ارتباطات و فرهنگ عصر پسامدرن ماحصل دگرگوني هايي در شرايط توليد و رسيدن به جامعه وافر است. توانايي نوين توليد، تغيير شرايط اجتماعي، دگرگوني ساختار اقتصادي، افزايش رقابت در بازار و بازتاب كاستي هاي طراحي عصر مدرن در پاسخگويي به نيازهاي غير عملكردي كاربران، آغازگر تغييراتي در نگرش ها نسبت به طراحي صنعتي گرديد. اما با وجود بسياري از تجارب در اين عرصه، هنوز طراحي پسامدرن امري تجربي محسوب مي شود و فاقد ساختاري روش شناسانه و مولفه هاي تثبيت شده براي طراحي و نقد است. مقاله حاضر با هدف دستيابي به روش شناسي هاي نظام مندي در طراحي غيرعملكردگرا به تحليل تجارب فكري آلساندرو منديني، يكي از پيشگامان طراحي پسامدرن ايتاليا پرداخته است. بررسي شامل درك شرايط و نيازهاي اين عصر، بررسي مقوله روش شناسي طراحي، تحليل مقوله روش شناسي در آثار مكتوب، انديشه نگارهاي فكري و محصولات طراحي شده توسط منديني و استخراج انديشه راهبردي هر محصول و رويكرد انتخاب شده توسط وي براي حصول به نتيجه و استخراج متداول ترين آنها بعنوان روش شناسي عام عصر پسامدرن است. در نتيجه بررسي، مشخص گرديد كه تداعي آنيميسم، طراحي مردمي، خلق هويت اجتماعي و احساس گرايي، راهبردهاي اصلي و به موازات آنها، طراحي تعاملي، مفهومي، تجربه گرا و اسطوره بنياد كارآمدترين رويكردها تلقي مي شوند.

Passing trough industrial revolution to achieve postmodern era, development of production and distribution facilities, development of communications, and economic and development of society structural changes and lack of accountability of functional industrial design to the human psychological needs, other products based on the particular response to the needs of a limited component design, such as accountability to the economy, public taste, match to the new materials, are not responding to human needs. All changes and consequences of their cultural, social, beauty and etc. create a condition in life circumstances that accountability industrial design to more aspect of human life required. One of the strategies used in the branch of Industrial design of equipment in interior design is consideration to the psychological and content-oriented characteristics in this field.The purpose of this project is achievement to a series of desirable and appropriate strategies and approaches to the postmodern period in accordance with expanding domain of methodology and providing the analytical tools in the design field which can be answered to the current situation is. Activities that are sought in a method designed to create a process designed to focus on design aspects of functional, cultural and content-oriented approaches to suit a variety of conditions. The aim of this understanding postmodern experiences and change them with methodology stereotypes that replace common method into new structure and method in which the response to performance issues as the accepted method for projecting is considered and approaches used in any field strategy must specify the design. Because for reviewing each method and approach in designing and achieving to the desired strategy should study theories, methods of thinking and design work of designers which are influential designers in a particular period or style, this research also decide to organize experience theory and practice for the design of discovery approaches by consideration on Bryan Tyson, Kris Johns and others, and study methods, experience and approaches to conceptual design of the most important leader of this period during 1980-90, in both fields of design and theory. Whereas Italy is one of the important centers of expansion of postmodern design, tried by relying on pioneers’ experiences in this field, consideration to the strategies used by these people in going beyond the approaches, reply to different issues of design. According to this, works of Alessandro Mendini in various fieldsʹ accordance to macro strategies and design approaches will be analyzed. Finally it concluded that it is possible to chose a strategy that can extended to general fitness of human capabilities component which are considerable to various aspects of postmodern design, in addition there are collection of variety of approaches that give strategies with fitness of various aspects of design. In addition, by reviewing past experiences indicated that Animism strategies, produce method, people design, creating social identity, sensation, immorality, using visual cultures in parallel with interactive design approaches, conceptual design, experience oriented design, and mythical design for the design period in postmodern period have been considered more efficient.