رابطه موسيقي رمانتيك و ايده منطق از ديدگاه هگل

The Relation between Romantic Music and Logical Idea in Hegel’s Thought

بحث درباره هنر رمانتيك نزد فيلسوفان بسيار چالش برانگيز بوده است. هگل به عنوان فيلسوف و متفكر ايدياليسم آلماني از زماني كه با رهيافت خاص خود به تحليل هنر رمانتيك پرداخت تاكنون همواره نكته گيري هاي ژرفش، انديشمندان پس از او را به تامل واداشته است. هگل به واسطه كتاب «پديدارشناسي روح» و «علم منطق» مشهور شده است، و متن مستقلي در مورد زيبايي شناسي به طبع نياورده است، اما اين به اين معنا نيست، كه او در چارچوب نظام فكري اش به هنر و زيبايي بي توجه بوده است. درواقع نظريه زيبايي شناسي هگل از قلب نظام فلسفي اش ناشي مي-شود. مسيله اصلي هگل رابطه نامتناهي و متناهي است. روش هگل براي حل اين مسيله روش ديالكتيك است. اين روش خصوصياتي دارد. از جمله اينكه ديناميك و پويا است. به نظر او در كل عالم حيات اين روش برقرار است. از ديد هگل اين پويايي در يكي از شاخه هاي هنر رمانتيك يعني موسيقي ديده مي شود. موسيقي هم مانند ايده منطق هگل انتزاعي است. يكي از راه هايي كه هگل سعي مي كند حركت انديشه موجود در منطق را شرح دهد بهره گيري از مثال موسيقي است، زيرا واجد آن ويژگي است كه هگل مي خواهد. اين مقاله اشاراتي است به رابطه اي كه بين موسيقي و ايده منطق وجود دارد. نگارنده در اين پژوهش سعي دارد با روش توصيفي- تحليلي به اين رابطه بپردازد.

The discussion on the Romantic Art for philosophers has been challenging. Hegel as a Idealist German philosopher in traditional philosophy, since examining the special approach to Romantic Art analysis , has made most of thinker after him ponder on Hegelian genius points of view due to the importance of matters in his thoughts. Hegel is well known by the book “Phenomenology of Soul and Logical Science” but he didnʹt publish anything independently on Aesthetics. This doesn’t mean that he had been regardless to Art and Aesthetics. Indeed, the Aesthetic theory of Hegel arises from the center of philosophical systems which could introduce a landscape of it. The main theme of Hegel’s thought is the relation between infinite and finite; Hegel solution this problem by dialectic method. The Hegelian dialectic has a special character, for example; one of its characters is dynamic being. According to Hegelian thought, in the Whole of the being World, we can see this dynamic aspect is in Romantic Art specially music. The music is an abstract matter the same as Hegelian Logical Idea. As the Romantic Art has been separated of social faction, it is an acceptable and the most fundamental reason that music must be abstract. This abstraction links music to Logical Idea. The usages of music example help Hegel to explain the motion of thought in Logic. The music can explain spiritual and inner life which is considered by romantic thinkers, so it is better than painting. The music moves in time the same as subjective life. Music and symphony were so outstanding in Germany and France at that time. Goethe, Hugo, Holderline, schilling and schiller and etc. were romantic; but Hegel neglected literature and painting and concentrated on music. The cause of this regard is the nature of music. Music is somatic and doesn’t have a material, it is invisible like soul when the absolute soul wanted to appear in sculpture but it couldn’t reflect the soul. The music is the melody of the lack of soul. Soul has understood that arts are not its statements. Then, the music is the best Art in modern period. The trace of romantic music is in Hegelian dialectical logic because Hegel’s logic is movement in logic. It is planned for demonstrating conceptual anti theses who normal logic considers it as a stable and permanent principle. In deed, the manner of Hegel in description of human soul is a correct and direct explanation from romantic view. In this description, he explains how the absolute soul transforms from a higher stage and is unquiet in every stage. This article considers the relation between music and absolute logical Idea. The author tries to examine this relationship by analytical-descriptive method.