تجارت در درياي مديترانه :بررسي معاهدات تجاري ابوالحسن و ابو عنان مريني با دولت هاي مسيحي

trade in the mediterranean sea: a review of commercial agreements between abu al- hassan and abu inan marini and christian states (173-190)

اوج اقتدار خاندان مريني به دوره ابوالحسن(حك: 731-749ه) و ابوعنان (حك: 749-759ه) برمي-گردد كه از نظر سياسي سلطه آنان نه تنها بر مغرب اقصي، مقر پيشين اين خاندان، بلكه بر مغرب ميانه و نزديك و حتي بخش‌هايي از اندلس نيز بسط يافته بود. سلطه مرينيان بر سواحل طولاني درياي مديترانه در اين دوره، موقعيت جغرافيايي مغرب را به عنوان دروازه تجارت اروپا و آفريقا ارتقا داد و موجب گرديد تا مسلمانان و مسيحيان در پرتو منافع مشترك معاهدات متعددي با هدف گسترش تجارت در درياي مديترانه منعقد كنند؛ حاكمان ميورقه، بنادر ايتاليايي ونيز، جنوا و پيزا و سرانجام دولت آراگون هر كدام به طور جداگانه با هدف تامين مايحتاج عمومي و مواد اوليه مورد نياز خود، پيمان‌هايي تجاري با مسلمانان مغرب بستند؛ بررسي اين معاهدات نشان مي‌دهد كه به هنگام اقتدار حاكمان مسلمان، هم‌پيمانان تجاري مسيحي آنان ناگزير از پذيرش تعهدات و شروط مسلمانان بودند و چون ضعف مسلمين آشكار مي‌شد، مفاد پيمان‌نامه‌ها به شكل يك جانبه‌اي به سود مسيحيان تغيير مي‌كرد.

Trade in the Mediterranean Sea: A Review of Commercial Agreements between Ab? Al-0assan and Ab? #Inan Mar?n? and Christian States Younes Farahmand Assistant Professor, Department of History and Civilization of Islamic Nations, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University ,Tehran, Iran. The Mar?n?ds were at the peak of power in the reigns of Ab? Al-0assan(rule:1331-1349 A.D.) and Ab? #Inan (rule:1349-1358 A.D.) during which their political dominance extended not only over the Maghrib Al –AIs? (Far West) as their former seat of government, but also over the middle and near West and even to some parts of Andalusia. The Mar?n?ds’ dominance over the Mediterranean long coasts promoted the situation of Morocco in this era as a gateway to Europe and Africa and led toward the conclusion of several treaties between Muslims and Christians in the light of their common interests and with the purpose of expansion of trade in the Mediterranean Sea. The rulers of Mallorca, the Italian ports of Venice, Genoa, Pisa and finally, the Government of Aragon concluded separate trade treaties with Muslims. They aimed to supply raw materials and public necessities. Studies on these treaties show that when Muslims were powerful, their Christian trade allies had to accept their conditions and abide by their obligations, while the situation reversed, the contents of treaties changed prejudicially in favor of the Christians. Keywords: The Mediterranean Sea, Ab? al-0assan and Ab?-#Inan Mar?n?, History of Trade, Mallorca, Aragon.