ويژگي‌هاي فلسفه و نسبت آن با علوم

Characteristics of Philosophy and its relation to the Sciences

چكيده: نوشتارحاضر، از ويژگي‌هاي فلسفه و نسبت آن با علوم ديگر سخن مي‌گويد و بر آن است كه اولا فلسفه امام و پيشواي ساير دانش‌ها است و ثانيا فلسفه? الهي جهان‌بيني ويژه‌اي است كه قضاياي ممكن را ضروري و قضاياي ضروري را به قضاياي ازلي كه اصلي‌ترين مبادي معرفتي‌اند و بدون آنها راهي به سوي حقيقت نيست منتهي مي‌كند. اين نوشتار نشان مي‌دهد كه فلسفه به لحاظ برخورداري از ثبات و كليت و اطلاق، ترازوي حق و باطل و صدق و كذب علوم ديگر است. بر اين اساس الهي و يا الحادي بودن ديگر علوم بستگي به فلسفه‌اي دارد كه آن علوم بدان تعلق دارند. بدين ترتيب اگر فلسفه الهي باشد همه? علوم در پرتو آن الهي و ديني مي‌شوند؛ زيرا همه? موجودات ـ اعم از مادي و مجرد و حقيقي و اعتباري ـ مخلوق پروردگارند و صحنه? هستي ساحت خلقت الهي است كه معلوم انسان نيز هست و علم انسان چيزي جز شرح و تفسير آن مخلوق نيست. در ادامه اين نوشتار نكاتي درباره فلسفه? اسلامي به عنوان دانشي الهي و ديني در برابر الحادي و غيرديني آمده است. كليدواژه‌ها: فلسفه? مطلق، فلسفه? اسلامي، قضاياي ضروري ازلي، علوم اسلامي جامع، خلقت، طبيعت

Abstracts Characteristics of Philosophy and its relation to the Sciences Ayatull?h Jaw?d? Amul? The epistle at hand treats of the qualities and characteristics of philosophy and its relation to the other sciences, holding firstly that philosophy is the leader of all other sciences, and secondly that divine philosophy is a particular world view that transforms possible propositions into necessary propositions and necessary propositions into eternally [necessary] propositions. The latter are the most fundamental bases for knowledge and without them we can have no recourse to the truth. The article further illustrates that philosophy, on account of its subsistent, universal, and absolute nature, is the criterion for the validity and invalidity, or the truth and falsehood of other sciences. Accordingly the sacred or profane nature of other sciences is dependent upon this [supra-scientific] philosophy that they are all attached to. Hence if pure philosophy becomes a divine philosophy, all other sciences in their turn become sacred and properly religious. The fundamental reason for this is the fact that all existents, whether material or immaterial, real or mentally posited, are the creations of God; and as the realm of existence is nothing but the created order, creation is the object of human knowledge—the latter then becoming nothing but the exposition of creation. The study concludes by elucidating on some points pertaining to Islamic philosophy in its role as a divine and religious science, as opposed to a profane and secular enterprise. Keywords: Pure philosophy, Islamic philosophy, eternally necessary propositions, comprehensive Islamic sciences, creation, nature.