ماهيت سرزمين در فقه اماميه

Nature of Land in Imami Jurisprudence

تعريف دارالاسلام، به عنوان محدوده سرزمين اسلامي محل اختلاف ميان فقها است. فقدان معيارهاي واضح اين امر را پيچيده كرده است. ظهور مفاهيمي مانند دولت، كشور، ملت و مفاهيمي از اين دست، دستيابي به تعريفي مشخص از مرزهاي سرزمين اسلامي را ضروري مي‌سازد. دو ديدگاه در بين فقها وجود دارد كه براساس آن گروهي مرزهاي سرزمين اسلامي را مرزهاي جغرافيايي و گروهي مرزهاي اعتقادي مي‌دانند. معيارهاي تحقق دارالاسلام را مي‌توان در سه شاخصِ امكان اجراي احكام اسلامي، اكثريت جمعيتي مسلمان و برقراري حكومت مسلمانان خلاصه كرد. به‌نظر مي‌رسد معيار برپايي حكومت مسلمانان دقيق‌ترين معياري باشد كه بتوان در عصر حاضر براي تعيين دارالاسلام به‌كار برد.

Definition of Dar al-Islam as the scope of the Islamic land is a point of debate between jurists. Absence of clear standards for this point has added to the complexity of the issue. Emergence of concepts such as State, country, nation and the like necessitates a concrete definition for borders of the Islamic land. There are two views popular among jurists according to one of them borders of the Islamic land are the same as its geographical borders; and based on the other, they are ideological ones. Standards for realization of Dar al-Islam may be summarized in three features: Islamic rules may be executed, Muslims are majority of population, and Muslims may establish their government. That Muslim may establish their government seems to be the most rigorous standard which can be, in the present time, used to specify the Dar al-Islam.