بررسي قابليت ها و تنگناهاي دره هاي كوهستاني به منظور توسعه ي پايدار با استفاده از مدل SWOT مورد: دره كارده در شمال شهر مشهد

A Survey on Capacities and Problems for Sustainable Development of Mountainous Valleys Using the SWOT Model Case study: Kardeh Valley in the North of Mashhad City

در بيشتر دره هاي كوهستاني ايران طيّ پنجاه سال گذشته، استفاده از منابع طبيعي بويژه آب به طور مداوم افزايش يافته است. افزايش مداوم مصرف و به دنبال آن فشار بر منابع طبيعي زمينه بروز چالش هاي جدي را در اين مناطق به وجود آورده است. روند بهره برداري از منابع آب و خاك در حوضه ي رودخانه كارده واقع در شمال شهر مشهد تحت تاثير عوامل اقتصادي، اجتماعي و خدماتي در طول سه دهه ي گذشته به طور مداوم افزايش يافته است. اين مساله زمينه ي بروز مشكلات گوناگون از جمله كاهش شديد منابع آب در روستاهاي پايين دست حوضه، تشديد بيكاري و روستاگريزي را فراهم آورده است. اين پژوهش به روش ميداني و با شيوه ي توصيفي- تحليلي به كمك مدل SWOT در راستاي پايدارسازي فعاليت هاي انسان، شناخت ظرفيت هاي متنوع منطقه را به منظور ايجاد تنوع در اشتغال و درآمد با توجه به نگرش مسوولين محلي وجه همت خود قرار داده است. نتايج پژوهش نشان مي دهد در محدوده ي مورد مطالعه ظرفيت-هاي مناسبي براي ايجاد صنايع بسته بندي توليدات زراعي و دامي، صنايع كوچك روستايي و فعاليت هاي گردشگري وجود دارد. همچنين با تكيه بر مديريت مشاركتي و تدوين و اجراي استراتژي هاي مناسب بويژه رقابتي، مي توان از امكانات بالقوه ي منطقه جهت ايجاد شغل و درآمد در بخش هاي غيركشاورزي به منظوركاهش فشار بر منابع طبيعي به خصوص آب استفاده كرد.

After several decades of struggle for development of rural districts and protection of water and soil of these regions, Unfortunately,The Poverty and jobless and damages to natural resources is further on progress in many countries, particularly rural regions of the developing countries. The reason for this situation is that ,the index for poverty reduction, jobless and imbalance in development definition has not been considered for three decades (1950-1980) and the development has been defined only as a per person income . The surveys and different experiences in the far distance of the world, particularly in developing countries, shows that the reduction in poverty, reduction in jobless and sustainable utilization of natural resources in rural environment as well as a decrease in distance between poor’s and wealthy people could not be achieved successfully only by looking to agricultural problems. But a structural looking to residents in villages and consideration of all residents’ problems if accompanied with a progress in non – agricultural business and income creation, using all rural capability in the region, could be a good solution for rural problems. Therefore ,in recent decades, the policies of the countries toward the different economic activities particularly in development of rural tourism as generation of a new income has been recommended to resist against the rural poverty and rural jobless. Attention to non agricultural activities in rural environment accompanied by social– economic improvement in rural families (those with no or less property and water) will bring a reduction in environmental hazards of the rural districts and also will reduce the urban problems of suburbs and environmental pollution. Now days, the new participatory look is the central column of sustainable development .Participatory management is a people satisfactory method and includes the role of local societies in sustainable development as a determinant factor. Participation in decision making, share in responsibility and having the authority, could be the best particularity and a symbol of real participation. Participation in public affairs will familiarize the most of people with possibilities and particularly with limitations exist around them. They will learn to act not only as an individual but also as a social group so that the potential of people power in different levels could be appeared. Using the managers and the local superior groups to determine the most appropriate strategies for development is the correct decision. Although it has not the benefits of horizontal participation but it is close to Ozalid Strategy and it has been useful and suitable method in many regions particularly in rural regions of developing countries. Therefore, to make the activities of the rural societies sustainable, the present research is to make known the various capacities of mountainous valleys for creation of variation in job occupation and enhance the income based on the views of local authorities and using SOWT model. To achieve the results and goals of the research, two important questions should be answered: 1- Considering the natural conditions of the in villages of Kardeh valley, What are the strength points, the weak points, opportunities and threats in this region ? 2- To reduce the existing problems and challenges in this region particularly in natural resources, which kind of guidelines and strategies are there with consideration of the weak points and opportunities?