حكيم ترمذي و نظريه ولايت

Hakim Tirmidi and his theory of sainthood

حكيم تِرمِذي از عارفان و محدثان بزرگ سده سوم هجري است كه آثار فراواني از وي برجاست. او به تصريح برخي از صوفيه،‌ صوفي نبوده است و لقب «حكيم» به همين معنا اشاره دارد. با آنكه از حكيم ترمذي زندگينامه خودنوشتي باقي مانده، آگاهي‌هاي ما از سرگذشت وي فراوان نيست. او نخستين كسي است كه در تاريخ عرفان اسلامي مسيله ولايت و ختم ولايت را در كتاب ختم الاوليا يا سيرهْْ الاوليا به صورت نظريه‌اي كامل مطرح كرد و بيشترين شهرت او به همين سبب است. تاثير حكيم ترمذي بر عارفان پس از خود، تا زمان ابن‌عربي بسيار اندك بوده است؛‌ اما ابن‌عربي و پيروانش، به ويژه در مسيله ولايت و ختم ولايت، به‌شدت از وي تاثير پذيرفته‌اند. اين مقاله به چهار موضوع پرداخته است: زندگي و آثار ترمذي، رابطه او با تصوف،‌ نظريه ولايت، و تاثير وي بر عارفان پس از خود.

Being one of the great third century mystics, Hakim Tarmidi has left behind many works. According to some Sufis, he himself was not a Sufi and that is why he was called a Hakim (sage). Although his autobiography is available, we do not know much about his life. He is the first scholar in the history of Islamic mysticism who has theoretically discussed the problem of sainthood and the seal of sainthood in his book, The Seal of Saints or the Tradition of Saints due largely to which he is popular. His influence upon later mystics till Ibn Arabi was very little. However Ibn Arabi and his followers were deeply influenced by him especially in matters of sainthood and the seal of sainthood. The present article deals with four topics: Tirmidi’s life and works, his relation with Sufi movements, theory of sainthood and his influence upon later mystics.