كليدواژه :
حفاظت و توسعه , منشورهاي مرمت , برنامه ريزي شهري , پايداري
چكيده فارسي :
پرداختن به مرمت شهرهاي تاريخي در دوره هاي مختلف، با توجه به شرايط اقتصادي- اجتماعي و تاريخي و با اهداف گوناگوني
صورت گرفته است. ارتقا و تشويق صنعت گردشگري، حل معضلات و كمبودهاي مناطق تاريخي شهر، بازآفريني شهري و حتي
كمك به قرارگيري در زمره شهرهاي جهاني، از اهدافي است كه مرمت هاي شهري بر مبناي آنها انجام شده است.
از طرف ديگر دو رويكرد حفاظت و توسعه همواره در انجام مداخلات شهري حاكم بوده و به تعادل رساندن اين دو رويكرد
چشم انداز اصلي مرمت در بافت هاي تاريخي گرديده است. نگاه به مرمت شهري در كشورهاي در حال توسعه، به علت مشكلات
موجود در آن شهرها، عمدتاً از زاويه حل معضلات و كمبودهاي مناطق تاريخي صورت گرفته و شهرهاي ايران هم از اين قاعده
مستثني نبوده است. بر اين اساس با استفاده از مطالعات اسنادي به گردآوري و تدوين مباني و بيانيه هاي نشست هاي بين المللي
اقدام و تلاش گرديده تا يك دوره بندي تاريخي بر مبناي تاثيرگذاري اهداف توسعه و حفاظت ارايه گردد.
چكيده لاتين :
There are significant differences between architectural restoration and urban conservation in professional literature.
History of object and architectural restoration is too long. But the formation of urban conservation, as an independent
and interdisciplinary field and based on its principles which is inseparable from the restoration of monuments and
objects, is less clear. So there are a few resources in explaining the evolution of urban conservation. Those who
have worked on this issue mostly discussed from the standpoint of architectural restoration. This paper will attempt
to rely on written documents and evidence and try to prepare a review on urban conservation history and the
factors affecting its formation. Compiling the proclamation of congresses and different universal sessions and using
them have been created some special fields for recognition of historical transition current that have gone over for
codification of urban renovation changes at the end of this article.
Urban experiences show that intervention in solving urban problems, especially in historic areas, can be considered
from urban conservation and urban development approaches.
Developmental needs of the historic areas could be provided with integrated proper methods of urban conservation
and planning. Combination of these two approaches in dealing with urban historic areas led to the formation of
urban conservation in the mid-twentieth century.
In comparing with some historic cities in Europe, the conservation of old towns in Iran has not a scientific background.
In some other countries conservation of historic objects and buildings had experienced from ancient periods and
the basic principles has remained in some declarations, regulations and text books and the preservation literature
has been made.
In inference of urban restoration, different views may be considered. If the purpose of Urban conservation, has been
preparing the common needs of urban historic areas and their current residents (urban poor and immigrants) or the
needs of people living in the whole city or the country and even the global community and protect World Heritage,
the different opinions, views and solutions can be emerge. Accordingly, this paper with documentary method and
case studies developed theoretical principles and adapt it to existing conditions. To assess these techniques and
adapt ideas and methods, through description and reasoning content, attempted to assumptions concluded by
questions and objectives and to develop and scrutinize conceptual framework. Results of this study are briefly:
1.Today, the use of scientific methods in planning is the first step to enter the field of urban conservation. We can
find some options which have applied effect for urban organization and amelioration by using achievements of
urban planning and combination of them.
2.Various interventions with two original trends: urban development and urban conservation are two important
challenges of urban and cultural heritage management. Despite the emphasis in many international declarations,
this challenge rooted in lack of integrity in urban conservation and urban development approach. Successful cities
concerning urban protectiveness and renovation have been able to obtain a balance between two approaches.
Unfortunately such this success has been obtained less in underdeveloped countries.
