قاعده درا در فقه اماميه و حقوق ايران

The Rule of Darʹʹ in Shiite Fiqh and the Iranian Law

«قاعده درا» يكي از مشهورترين قواعد فقه جزايي است و در كتابها و مقالات از آن فراوان بحث شده است، اما سوال بسيار مهمي كه درباره قاعده درا مطرح است و در اكثر نوشته‌ها بي‌پاسخ مانده، اين است: آيا قاعده درا همان اصل عدم است يا مطلب جديدي را بيان مي‌كند؟ آيا قاعده درا مي‌تواند بر خلاف ادله و اصولي كه اقتضاي مجازات دارند جاري شود و مجازات را ساقط كند؟ نگارنده با اعتقاد به اينكه قاعده درا نه يك قاعده تنصيصي بلكه قاعده‌اي اصطيادي است و در حد عقلايي قابل پذيرش است، از مستندات و حقيقت جايگاه آن در نظام حقوقي ـ قضايي ايران بحث كرده است.

The rule of darʹ (non-application of religious punishment in cases of doubt) is a well known fiqhi criminal rule, which has been the subject of many discussions in books and articles. However, a very important question arises about this rule, which has remained unanswered in these writings: is this rule the same as the principle of non-existence or does it have a different content? Can this rule run in contrast with rules and principles that require punishment, so that it precludes punishment? Believing that this rule has been not expressly mentioned in Sharʹi texts but derived by fuqaha from these texts and is acceptable within rational limits, the author presents discussions about the nature, evidence and position of this rule in the Iranian judicial-legal system.