ارزيابي نماي بزرگراه نواب

Assessing the façade of Navvab Highway

توسعه روزافزون و ناهمگون شهر تهران در دهه‌هاي اخير، ساخت و سازهاي جديد ساختاري را در شهر پديد آورده است كه با ساختار طبيعي و تاريخي آن در موارد بسياري تطبيق نداشته و شهري متضاد و گسسته را پديد آورده كه هويت و خوانايي خود را از دست داده است. از اين ساخت و سازهاي جديد مي‌توان به شبكه بزرگراه‌هاي درون‌شهري و توده‌هاي عظيم ساختماني اشاره كرد. امروز بزرگراه‌هاي تهران از مهم‌ترين عناصر استخوان‌بندي شهر در جهت‌دهي ذهنيت شهروندان از سيما و منظر شهر نقش بسزايي را ايفا مي‌كنند و در واقع بخش مهمي از نماي شهري تهران امروز را تشكيل مي‌دهد و درك شهروندان از شهر كنار اين بزرگراه، شكل مي‌گيرد. در تهران بزرگراه‌هاي شمالي- جنوبي و شرقي- غربي متعددي در محدوده‌ها و مناطق مختلف شهر احداث شده است؛ عبور بزرگراه‌ها از مناطق مسكوني، جداره‌هاي مسكوني، كه زماني در مقياس خرد تحليل مي‌شدند، را به نماي شهري و جداره‌هاي درجه اول شهر تبديل كرده ‌است؛ جداره‌هايي كه برخورد با آنها در چارچوب اهداف منظر شهري، مديريت و برنامه‌ريزي ويژه‌اي مي‌طلبد. بزرگراه نواب نمونه‌اي بارز از شكل‌گيري جداره مسكوني در كنار بزرگراه است؛ جداره‌اي برنامه‌ريزي شده كه راه ميان آن هم به لحاظ موقعيت اصلي شمالي‌ـ جنوبي و هم به لحاظ مقياس پروژه در شهر تهران، اهميت ويژه‌اي دارد. اين نوشتار تلاش مي‌كند جداره بزرگراه نواب را به عنوان يكي از شاخص‌ترين نماهاي شهري تهران در ابعاد مختلف كاركردي، هويتي و زيبايي‌شناسي مورد بررسي قرار داده و ابعاد و ظرفيت‌هاي مختلف آن را در شكل‌دهي به نماي شهر تهران تحليل كند.

The increasing miscellaneous development of Tehran in the recent decade has caused new structural constructions in city uncorrespondent to historic and natural structure and shaped a contradictory and discontinuous city lacking in identity and legibility. Among them are the inner city highway networks within the urban massive constructed pile. Nowadays, Tehran highways play a significant role in shaping people’s minds about the landscape and appearance of the city. In fact; they contribute in shaping the urban landscape and conveying citizen perception of the city. New north-south and east-west highways are constructed in different regions of Tehran which have transformed micro-scale residential edges to urban facades and first-rate edges; the edges require special urban landscape goals and appropriate planning and management. Navvab highway is a manifest example for formation of residential edge adjacent to a highway; a planned edge in which the crossing ways have also great significance for its north-south position and the scale of project in Tehran. Today Navvab highway, the north-south arterial highway alongside Chamran highway, does not offer solidarity or unity with the adjacent texture due to multiple constructed high-rises. Lack of identity and sense of affiliation to the place has made this highway a separated and unsustainable element in urban system of Tehran. The most noticeable aspect in Navvab highway is the issue of non-compliance with the privacy and land-division alongside the highway and disaffiliation with the adjacent texture in form of general problems such as pollution, the problems of the urban landscape as well as safety and visual perspective. Buildings without diversity in facades with simple skyline are among the problems of this urban façade which reduces legibility of the environment. Ignoring the historic, natural and cultural potentials in the confined area of Navvab highway and lack of a comprehensive system in planning and designing has resulted in the recent commercial, social and physical problems and issues in constructed parts of this area. These proceedings not only had any positive or qualitative results, but also have brought up too much inelegance and vulgarity. Opening spaces and allocating them to public spaces within the adjacent residential texture, revising traffic problems, concentrating on hierarchy, pedestrian movement, connecting the adjacent textures of the highway by adding a commercial-service layer and green space can revitalize these edges and attach them appropriately to the existing urban decay. This paper tries to discuss Navab’s wall as one of the most significant urban facades in Tehran in functional, aesthetic and identity aspects and analyze its other various aspects and potential in shaping Tehran’s urban façade.