شناخت و تحليل عوامل موثر بر ركود اقتصاد دامداري در نواحي روستايي (مطالعه موردي: روستاهاي پريدر و مهدويه- شهرستان ملاير)

Recognition and Analysis of Effective Factors on Livestock Economy Decline in Rural Regions (Case Study: Mahdavyeh and Parydar – Malayer Township)

توليد در بخش دامداري تفاوت‌هايي با ديگر زمينه‌هاي توليدي و تجاري دارد كه موجب مي‌شود تا اين صنعت در برخي از نقاط روستاييِ داراي سابقه ديرينه دامداري و دامپروري، رو به ركود نهد. هدف از اين تحقيق، بررسي عوامل موثر بر ركود دامداري در روستاهاي مورد مطالعه است. جامعه آماري تحقيق حاضر شامل خانوارهاي كشاورز ساكن روستاهاي پريدر و مهدويه از توابع دهستان كمازان سفلي شهرستان ملاير است. حجم نمونه، دربرگيرنده كليه خانوارهاي كشاورز در دو روستاي مورد مطالعه به روش نمونه‌گيري كلي است. روش‌شناسي تحقيق به صورت اكتشافي، با استفاده تركيبي از تكنيك‌هاي پژوهش كيفي و كمي است. نتايج به دست آمده از تحليل عاملي بدين شرح‌اند: در ميان عوامل فرهنگي، عامل آسيب‌پذيري شديد از بيماري‌هاي اجتماعي همانا عامل مهاجرت‌هاي روستا ـ شهري و خروج نيروي كار از روستا با ضريب 910/0 بوده است. در عوامل اقتصادي، عامل ضعف توان مالي روستاييان در خريد دام‌هايي كه بازدهي اقتصادي بالاتري دارند، با ضريب 805/0؛ در عوامل مديريتي، عامل محدوديت واگذاري اعتبارات و تسهيلات بانكي به روستاييان كم‌درآمد براي تاسيس واحد‌هاي جديد و امروزين دامداري در خارج از بافت كالبدي روستا با ضريب 892/0 بوده است. سرانجام در ميان عوامل زيست‌محيطي مي‌توان به عامل آسيب‌پذيري شديد دامداري سنتي از خشكسالي و كمبود علوفه با ضريب 9/0 اشاره كرد. عوامل ياد شده، بيشترين تاثيرگذاري را بر ركود اقتصاد دامداري داشته‌اند.

Livestock is a dynamic activity and a generating employment which after the oil industry has attracted the most investment and most importantly, it is tied with food security and health. Also it is important in human nutrition as one of the main sectors of material production and milk protein. But production. In the livestock sector has some differences with other areas of manufacturing of trade. Among of the most important of them are the risks in the livestock sector. Rural economy of Mahdavyeh and Parydar in Malayer, from the distant past had been based on livestock and livestock appropriate which access to pastures, mountainous area and limited agricultural land and proximity to large consumer markets in the cities of Hamadan and Malayer creates this situation. But in recent decades, gradually farm economy in the villages, has a standstill And livelihoods of rural people especially farmers been greatly affected. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the situation and make the downturn in the livestock economy in the villages. Main question is the main causes of the downturn in the farm economy in Parydar and Mahdavyeh. Methodology The statistical society of study is farm households living in villages of Mahdavyeh and Parydar in Malayer. The sample consisted of all farm households in two villages with overall sampling. Accordingly the number of sample households is 48 households in Parydar and 71 households in Mahdavyeh (total 119 households). Exploratory research methodology used with a combination of qualitative and quantitative research techniques. First, based on cause and effect model, the authors we identified the causes of economic recession of livestock and in the villages of Parydar and Mahdavyeh. Model of cause and effect with participatory methods indicates the relationship between qualitative attitudes of factors. Results The results of factor analysis is are follows: Among the cultural factors cause vulnerability in animal disease by a factor of 0.891; in social factors, the of rural - urban migration and leaving the work force by a factor of 0.910; in Economic factors operating in the poor villagers can afford to buy animals that have a higher economic efficiency, with a coefficient of 0.805; in managerial factors, Restrictions on transfer of credit and banking facilities for the establishment of new farms in the countryside outside the physical fabric with 0.892, and finally, in environmental factors Vulnerability to severe drought and shortage of operating traditional livestock forage factor with 0.9, have the highest influence on the economic downturn. The rankings were based on the path analysis, due to restrictions on transfer of credit and banking facilities to rural low-income units for the establishment of new livestock, poor management of the rural economy, particularly in the decades after the land reform; rural - urban migration and migration of the workforce from rural areas; and the poor villagers can afford to buy animals that have a higher economic efficiency, respectively in the first place to fourth place. Conclusion The survey results show that the economic factors can be among the most important factors affecting livestock weakness and recession in the villages and blame of the origin of this situation, poor villagers can afford, resulting in low efficiency in this sector, especially the traditional and social cultural factors. Therefore, the use of public resources to this entry many of the priority and importance in the prevention of livestock slowdown in the villages. Certainly increase productivity in this sector, and subsequently, improve the living conditions of farmers, will be effective in meeting the social and cultural barriers in attracting young people and Resources and attract private capital to farm activities. Promoting the modernization of the existing traditional farm units with regard to the mental process of banking and access to resources for farmers, in addition to economic benefits, has cultural - social benefits and will be promote active persons in this sector in the rural community. Also the raise of awareness and technical expertise of farmers is very important in improving productivity in this sector. Extension classes, with respect to the indigenous knowledge of farmers and cultural and economic limitations in rural areas can be done in this important role. Yet another approach for improving the status of farmers is arranging them in the form of farm cooperatives. This can improve the financial and technical, as well as and validity of livestock sectors in the economy of these villages.