Evaluation Chemical Composition of Unstimulated Saliva, in Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes will result in change in qualitative and quantitative function of saliva. The purpose of the study was to determine the chemical composition (combination) of unstimulated saliva in patients with type I diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, unstimulated saliva of 25 patients with type I controlled diabetes (20-30 years) and 25 healthy person who matched with the case group in respect of age and gender was gathered and analyzed in order to evaluate the chemical composition of saliva. The data was analyzed using SPSS-18 and independent t-test. Results: Salivary Ca2+ concentration in diabetic patients was equivalent to 9.2±2.3 mg/dl and in healthy individuals was 9.4±0.7 mg/dl; Sodium level (Na+) in diabetics was equal to 1.3±11.8 mg/dl and in healthy individuals was 9.9±2.5 mg/dl; Potassium level (K+) in diabetics was equal to 19.5±6.3 mg/dl and in healthy individuals was 15.8±4.4 mg/dl; Urea level in diabetics was equal to 19±3.8 mg/dl and in healthy individuals 9.7±1.4 mg/dl; and Phosphorus level (P+) in diabetics was equivalent to 12.7±4.6 mg/dl and in healthy individuals was 11±4.8 mg/dl. Salivary K+, Urea, and Na+ concentration in both groups was significantly different (p=0.05). Conclusion: Chemical composition of saliva in diabetics in relation to healthy individuals was different; Urea and Potassium level increased and Sodium level decreased.