امكان فهم مصالح و مفاسد مورد نظر شارع

The Possibility of Understanding the Interests and Disinterests Intended by the Divine Legislator

با اين فرض كه احكام شرعي تابع مصالح و مفاسدي هستند‍‍‍‍‍، اين سوال پيش مي‌آيد كه آيا عقل توان درك و فهم اين مصالح و مفاسد را دارد. گرچه طيف وسيعي از عالمان بر اين باورند كه اين مصالح و مفاسد جز از طريق نص شارع قابل فهم نيستند، اما ادله عقلي و نقلي همچون آيات و روايات بي‌شماري كه بر عقل و تعقل دلالت دارند و از ناتواني عقل هيچ سخني به ميان نياورده‌اند، انديشه امكان فهم مصالح و مفاسد توسط عقل را تاييد مي‌كنند.

Assuming that the Divine rules are depended on the interests and disinterests, the question arises whether the understanding of these interests and disinterests is possible as far as human reason is concerned. Although a vast majority of scholars believe that such understanding is only possible through the words of the Divine Legislator, rational and traditional arguments, such as numerous traditions or hadiths and some Qurʹanic verses that put emphasis on the reason and reasoning and do not speak of the inability of the human reason, indicate and endorse the idea of the possibility of such understanding.