پديد آورندگان :
يدقار، علي نويسنده , , پورروحاني، ماجده نويسنده ,
كليدواژه :
سكونتگاه و فضاي روستايي , طراحي روستايي , كيفيت فضايي , معيارهاي كيفيت
چكيده فارسي :
معيارهاي سازنده كيفيت فضايي كه امكان سنجش و ارزيابي سكونتگاه هاي انساني و قضاوت در مورد خوبي و بدي و كارآمدي و ناكارآمدي آن ها را فراهم مي آورند، در ادبيات طراحي شهري بسيار مورد بحث قرار گرفته اند و ديدگاه هاي متعددي پيرامون مولفه هاي سازنده كيفيت فضاي شهري موجود مي باشد. هرچند روستا نيز يك سكونتگاه انساني مي باشد، اما داراي ويژگي هاي كالبدي- محيطي، اجتماعي- فرهنگي و اقتصادي خاص خود است كه معيارهاي اصلي موثر بر كيفيت در محيط هاي روستايي را، مورد سوال قرار مي-دهد. بر اين اساس هدف اين پژوهش دستيابي به معيارهاي كيفيت در فضاها و سكونتگاه هاي روستايي است و از آنجا كه نظريات مدوني در اين زمينه در دست نمي باشد، جهت نيل به اين هدف از نظرات متخصصان مطرح در زمينه طراحي شهري و همچنين طراحي منظر، در تكميل ديدگاه هاي پژوهشگران عرصه طراحي روستايي در كشور كمك گرفته شده است.
بنابراين با به كارگيري روش تحقيق توصيفي و تحليلي سعي در تحليل كمي و كيفي معيارهاي كيفيت فضايي در ديدگاه هاي مختلف مطرح شده در اين گفتار انجام گرفته است و نتيجه حاصله فهرستي سلسله مراتبي و طبقه بندي شده از معيارهاي كيفيت در يك سكونتگاه انساني مطلوب است كه بر اساس تحليل هاي كارشناسانه انجام گرفته، بسياري از اين معيارها در مورد فضاها و سكونتگاه-هاي روستايي نيز صادق و واجد اهميت بوده و برخي با شخصيت و محيط روستايي متناسب نبوده و مورد نقد واقع شده اند.
چكيده لاتين :
Rural housing loan that are provided for villagers under the name of special rural housing upgrading plan, exert many constraints and obligations in terms of built up area, type of construction materials and design which clearly differentiate these houses from rural traditional ones. Therefore, this loan has positive and negative impacts on economic, social, cultural, physical, and livelihood aspects and to some extent affects the life style, livelihood of the villagers and farmers and their environment. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes that are made in the life style and livelihood of villagers as a result of implementing special rural housing upgrading plan and using rural housing loan. To do this, a qualitative research method has been used. Thus, the data have been collected via interview, participatory observation and reviewing documents. Families from Aghboraz village in East Azerbaijan province who have used rural housing loan facilities are considered as the basis of analysis.
The result of the study illustrates that rural housing loans have had advantages and disadvantages and they have also had physical, economic, social, and cultural effects on life style and livelihood of the villagers. New houses are completely different from rural traditional ones and lack of specific characteristics of traditional rural houses. The built up area of new houses compared with previous ones has been reduced. One of the consequences of this issue is the tendency to shorten the family size and the separation of married members from family. This will lead to the reduction of agricultural lands and division of them among the children and fragmentation of rural agricultural lands. In new houses, the livelihood spaces have been completely ignored and only the living aspect of the house has been taken into consideration. The removal of livelihood spaces has caused some characteristics of agricultural economy like traditional animal husbandry and rural handicrafts gradually lose their importance in providing a significant portion of the subsistence needs of the villagers. The technology and architecture of new houses have also made some changes in the life of villagers culturally. New housing along with other factors has had important role in luxury life and the influence of consuming society values in the livelihood of the villagers. Nonetheless, new houses compared with traditional ones, due to the use of durable materials and structures against natural disaster; bring about mental and emotional relaxation. Attracting investment, creating job, increasing health level, and reducing migration are other positive aspects of new rural housing. Therefore, in developing a comprehensive program in rural housing section, it is suggested that the specific characteristics of rural life like life style, income, and rural culture to be taken into account.
