پديد آورندگان :
قاسمي اردهايي ، علي نويسنده , , رستمعلي زاده، ولي الله نويسنده ,
كليدواژه :
توسعه روستايي , روستا , شيوه زندگي و معيشت , مسكن , وام مسكن
چكيده فارسي :
تسهيلات مسكن روستايي كه تحت عنوان وام طرح ويژه بهسازي مساكن روستايي در اختيار روستاييان قرار مي‌گيرد، محدوديتها و الزاماتي به لحاظ سطح زيربنا، نوع مصالح و نقشه اين مساكن اعمال مي‌كند كه اين مسكن ها را از مساكن سنتي روستايي كاملاً متمايز ساخته است. بنابراين اين وام از نظر اقتصادي، اجتماعي، زيستي و معيشتي داراي پيامدهاي مثبت و منفي است و به نوعي شيوه زندگي و معيشت روستاييان را تحت تاثير قرار مي دهد. هدف اين مقاله بررسي تغيير و تحولاتي است كه در نتيجه اجراي طرح ويژه بهسازي مساكن روستايي و استفاده از تسهيلات مسكن روستايي در شيوه زندگي و معيشت روستاييان به وجود مي آيد. جهت مطالعه اين هدف از روش تحقيق كيفي استفاده شده است. بدين منظور با استفاده از فنون مصاحبه، مشاهده مشاركتي و بررسي اسناد و مدارك به گردآوري اطلاعات پرداخته شده است. خانوارهايي از روستاي آقبراز واقع در استان آذربايجان شرقي كه از تسهيلات مسكن روستايي استفاده
كرده اند، نمونه هاي مورد استفاده براي تحليل را شامل مي‌شود.
نتايج تحقيق نشان مي دهد كه وام مسكن روستايي داراي نقاط قوت و ضعف بوده و تاثيرات كالبدي، اقتصادي، اجتماعي و فرهنگي در شيوه زندگي و معيشت روستاييان داشته است. بنابراين در تدوين يك برنامه جامع در بخش مسكن روستايي پيشنهاد مي‌شود ويژگيهاي خاص زندگي روستايي همچون شيوه معيشت، درآمد روستاييان، فرهنگ حاكم بر زندگي روستايي و غيره مورد توجه قرار گيرد.
چكيده لاتين :
Rural housing loan that are provided for villagers under the name of special rural housing upgrading plan, exert many constraints and obligations in terms of built up area, type of construction materials and design which clearly differentiate these houses from rural traditional ones. Therefore, this loan has positive and negative impacts on economic, social, cultural, physical, and livelihood aspects and to some extent affects the life style, livelihood of the villagers and farmers and their environment. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes that are made in the life style and livelihood of villagers as a result of implementing special rural housing upgrading plan and using rural housing loan. To do this, a qualitative research method has been used. Thus, the data have been collected via interview, participatory observation and reviewing documents. Families from Aghboraz village in East Azerbaijan province who have used rural housing loan facilities are considered as the basis of analysis.
The result of the study illustrates that rural housing loans have had advantages and disadvantages and they have also had physical, economic, social, and cultural effects on life style and livelihood of the villagers. New houses are completely different from rural traditional ones and lack of specific characteristics of traditional rural houses. The built up area of new houses compared with previous ones has been reduced. One of the consequences of this issue is the tendency to shorten the family size and the separation of married members from family. This will lead to the reduction of agricultural lands and division of them among the children and fragmentation of rural agricultural lands. In new houses, the livelihood spaces have been completely ignored and only the living aspect of the house has been taken into consideration. The removal of livelihood spaces has caused some characteristics of agricultural economy like traditional animal husbandry and rural handicrafts gradually lose their importance in providing a significant portion of the subsistence needs of the villagers. The technology and architecture of new houses have also made some changes in the life of villagers culturally. New housing along with other factors has had important role in luxury life and the influence of consuming society values in the livelihood of the villagers. Nonetheless, new houses compared with traditional ones, due to the use of durable materials and structures against natural disaster; bring about mental and emotional relaxation. Attracting investment, creating job, increasing health level, and reducing migration are other positive aspects of new rural housing. Therefore, in developing a comprehensive program in rural housing section, it is suggested that the specific characteristics of rural life like life style, income, and rural culture to be taken into account.
