كليدواژه :
بيان‌الحق بضمان الصدق , ابن‌سينا , فلسفه مشايي , حوزه خراسان , لوكري
چكيده فارسي :
ابوالعباس، فضل بن محمد لوكري، اديب، رياضيدان و فيلسوف برجسته قرن پنجم هجري است. وي به يك واسطه، شاگرد شيخ‌الرييس ابوعلي‌سينا، يعني شاگرد بلاواسطه بهمنيار و به سه واسطه، استاد خواجه نصير طوسي بوده است. لوكري اديب صاحب نامي بود كه به دو زبان فارسي و عربي شعر ميسرود. او ديواني داشته كه تنها ابيات معدودي از آن بجا مانده است. علاوه بر اين وي رساله‌يي دارد كه در آن، اصول همه علوم حكمي، يعني منطق، طبيعيات، الهيات، رياضيات و حكمت عملي را بزبان فارسي به نظم كشيده و به نثر سليس فارسي شرح داده است.
لوكري رياضيدان برجسته‌يي بود كه با همكاري چند نفر از رياضيدانان و ستاره‌شناسان معروف مانند: خيام نيشابوري، خازني، اسفزاري و واسطي مامور زيج و تنظيم تاريخ جلالي ملكشاهي شد و در رمضان سال 471 ه .ق آغاز فروردين را به اول «حمل» بردند.
او يكي از فلاسفه بزرگ قرن پنجم هجري بود كه به فلسفه مشا تسلط كامل داشت و موجب اشاعه فلسفه در خراسان بزرگ شد و شاگردان برجسته و صاحب نامي را مانند قطب الزمان طبسي مروزي، عبدالرزاق تركي و شرف الزمان ايلاقي و غيره آموزش داد. وي بعنوان كتاب درسي يك مجموعه كاملي از همه علوم حكمي فلسفه مشا بنام بيان الحق بضمان الصدق تاليف كرد. اين كتاب تلخيصي است از همه مسايل اصلي فلسفه مشا ـ از ارسطو تا بهمنيار ـ و البته در عين تلخيص، شرح كاملي از همه اين مسايل است كه دانشجويان فلسفه را از همه كتب مفصل و مختصر بينياز ميكند.
حيات لوكري مقارن با دوران حكومت غزنويان و سلجوقيان يعني دوره انحطاط علوم عقلي بود و درنهايت با ظهور ابوحامد محمد غزالي دشمن قسم خورده فلسفه، سلسله فلاسفه مشا با لوكري بپايان رسيد و او آخرين فيلسوف مشايي بمعناي اخص بود. البته بايد افزود با اينكه علوم عقلي از اين حادثه آسيب فراوان ديد ولي پس از مدتي مجهزتر بميدان آمد.
چكيده لاتين :
Lawkari, the Last Peripatetic-Sinan
Philosopher
Maqsoud Muhammadi
Abul Abbas Fadl Ibn Muhammed Lawkari was a prominent
literary man, mathematician, and philosopher of the 5th century (AH).
Through one intermediary, he was a student of Ibn Sina and a student of
Bahmanyar and, through three intermediaries, he was a master of
Khwajah Nasir al-Din Tusi. Lawkari was a well-known literary man who
wrote poems in both Persian and Arabic. He had a collection of poems
(diwan) from which only a few couplets are left. In addition, he left a
treatise in which he presented all the principles of all axiomatic sciences,
that is, logic, physics, ethics, mathematics, and practical wisdom in verse
in Persian and explained them in eloquent Persian prose.
Lawkari was a prominent mathematician who was assigned to
compile the history of Jalali Malekshahi with the cooperation of some
other mathematicians and astronomers such as Khayam Nishaburi,
Khazani, Asfazari, and Vaseti. In the month of Ramezan of 471 AH,
they moved the beginning of the month of Farvardin to the first of
“haml” (Aries).
He was one of the great philosophers of the 5th century who
enjoyed complete mastery over the Peripatetic philosophy and spread
philosophy in Khorasan. He trained some distinguished and famous
students such as Qutb al-Zaman Tabasi Marwazi, ‘Abdulrazzaq Turki,
and Sharaf al-Zaman Ilaqi. He also wrote a book called Bayan al-haq
biziman al-sidq, which was a complete collection on all the axiomatic
sciences of Peripatetic philosophy, intended to be used as a textbook.
This work includes a summary of all the main problems of Peripatetic philosophy from the time of Aristotle until Bahmanyar. Of course, in
spite of its brevity, it makes students of philosophy needless of all
books on Peripatetic philosophers.
Lawkari lived during the reign of Ghaznavid and Saljuk
dynasties, i.e. during the period of the decline of rational sciences.
Finally, with the rise of Abu Hamed Muhammed Ghazzali, the sworn
enemy of philosophy, the chain of Peripatetic philosophers came to
an end with Lawkari, and he was in fact the last Peripatetic
philosopher in its particular sense. However, it must be added that,
although rational sciences were greatly damaged by his demise, later
they came back to the field of knowledge even stronger than before.
