تحليل فضايي و مكانيابي مراكز اسكان موقت با استفاده از تلفيق فرآيند تحليل شبكه اي (ANP) و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافيايي (GIS)

Analysis and Location of Temporary Housing Using Integration of Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

به طور كلي مكان يابي و جانمايي مراكز اسكان موقت موضوع پيچيده اي است كه تابعي از معيارها و متغيرهاي متعدد مي باشد. بنابراين با توجه به قابليتهاي تكنيك هاي تصميم گيري چندمعياره (MCDM) مي توان اذعان داشت كه امروزه بهره گيري از اين روشها به منظور تعيين و سنجش ضرايب اهميت معيارها و شاخص هاي تاثيرگذار بر مكان يابي فعاليتها، يكي از مناسب ترين روش ها به حساب مي آيد. فرآيند تحليل شبكه اي (ANP) يكي از جديدترين روشهاي تصميم گيري در اين حوزه به حساب مي آيد، كه امروزه كاربرد گسترده اي را در عرصه تحقيقات علمي به خود اختصاص داده است. مقاله حاضر كه با هدف استفاده از فرآيند تحليل شبكه اي و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافيايي (GIS) در مكان يابي سايتهاي اسكان موقت تدوين گرديده است؛ در ابتدا به معرفي اين روش و مراحل تحقيق آن پرداخته و سپس با معرفي ديدگاه ها و متغيرهاي تاثيرگذار در عرصه مسكن و سرپناه پس از سانحه، به كاربرد اين مدل در منطقه 16 كلانشهر تهران اشاره نموده است. نتايج تحقيق نشان مي-دهد كه از ميان شاخصهاي مطالعه شده؛ 3 شاخص ميزان سرانه خدماتي، هزينه تملك و كاربري وضع موجود بيشترين و سه شاخص ميزان مجاورت با حريم معابرو محورهاي ارتباطي، صنايع آلاينده و حريم خطوط فشار قوي كمترين ميزان اهميت را در فرآيند گزينش مكان براي سكونت دهي افراد بي خانمان در حوزه تصميم گيري از منظر برنامه ريزان به خود اختصاص مي دهند، در ضمن باتوجه به روش و شاخصهاي گزينش شده، دو بوستان بعثت و بهمن مناسب ترين مكان براي استقرار سايتهاي اسكان موقت شناسايي گرديده اند.

Introduction One of the most important aspects of urban planning and management in Iran, is disaster planning management, because many regions of the country are vulnerable to natural disasters, especially earthquakes. Many Iranians are losing their lives each year because of this disaster. For this, Constructing of temporary housing is one of the most important steps in the process of disaster management. While the construction of temporary housing can be an appropriate response to the needs of homeless people, is an opportunity to make a fundamental reconstruction. In addition to broad social benefits, proper planning for these constructions can also reduce social costs to the vast amount. In the disaster literature, the provision of shelter and housing for victims falls along a continuum from pre-disaster emergency sheltering to permanent re-housing, which are classified into three or four groups. The three categories that are usually arrayed along this continuum include emergency shelters, temporary housing, and permanent (or replacement) housing. There are two different approaches for the temporary housing of three-step (emergency shelters, temporary housing, and permanent housing) or a two-step (emergency shelters and permanent housing) process. Select two or three-stages approaches due to the situation is different. This paper is seeking to apply the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to locate temporary housing sites in Municipality of Region 16 in Tehran Metropolis. Thus, three-step approach to living individuals has been chosen. Because the people who are living in temporary housing provide the time required for reconstruction principle. Methods and Materials The Analytic Network Process (ANP) is considered as the One of the newest methods in Multi Criteria Decision Making process that nowadays be widely used in the field of scientific researches. This method has been proposed by Thomas .L .Saaty. He stated that ANP is an essential step in the decision-making process considering its reversible structure. This stage, with all of its pros and cons, was a missing step in the decision-making process. The traditional approach acted imperfectly because of its linear structure. Thus, the most important distinction between this method and AHP is the efficacy and effectiveness of criteria on each other and the analysis on nonlinear relations and internal and external relationships and interrelations between the criteria and indicators of. In general, the locating temporary housing centers are complex issues which include several variables and criteria. Therefore, Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) can be used for measuring the importance of effective factors on locating activities temporary housing as one of the most appropriate methods. There are different steps for applying this method. Therefore, this technique and its main steps are introduced. First, making a model and a structure in which the subject matter is clearly stated and is analyzed within a logical system such as network. This network structure can be regulated and formed by decision-makers and through methods such as brainstorming or mathematical techniques like DEMATEL. The second step includes the formation of comparison binary matrix and extracting the priority vectors. This step is similar to the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Finally, the third step consists of forming the Meta-Matrix. Then the article introduce the variables affecting the field of housing and shelter after disasters (24 index and in the 4 criteria), as it has pointed to use this model in the study (16 in Tehran). Results and Conclusion The results of findings show that among the indicators studied; three indicators per capita service levels, possession costs and the present land use were the most important variables, and the three indicators adjacent to the passageways and road networks, polluting industries and strong power boundary were the lowest importance in the process of selecting locations for habitation to homeless people in the related to the decision making from the perspective of planners itself. In addition, according to the method and the selected indicators have been identified the Beesat and 22 Farvardin parks as the most appropriate locations for establishing the temporary housing sites.