پديد آورندگان :
هاشمي ، سيدسعيد نويسنده استاديار جغرافيا و برنامه ريزي روستايي Hashemi, Seid Saeed , مطيعي لنگرودي، سيدحسن 1325 نويسنده علوم انساني , , قديري معصوم ، مجتبي نويسنده دانشگاه تهران , , رضواني، محمدرضا نويسنده دانشگاه تهران , , مقيمي، سيدمحمد نويسنده Moghimi, S.M.
چكيده لاتين :
Today exploiting the participation and the abilities of local people, particularly rural
population, toward rural development has been considered as one of the effective
strategies toward sustainable and comprehensive development of rural areas. The
most important tool to achieve this goal is establishing NGOs based on the needs as
well as abilities of different groups living in the villages, in diverse and essential
issues of indigenous and local environment, in order to perform rural developmental
programs. These organizations, in economic and social Fields – due to avoid a
complex public sector bureaucracy and profit making of private sector - made it
possible to in such areas as fighting poverty and hunger, environmental protection,
forestry, increase awareness General welfare, health, community and family,
* Responsible Author: sshashemi@yahoo.com
Rural Research Quarterly Spring 2011
according to Women and Children, redacting social damages and act Successful than
the private and public sectors. Villages in the contemporary developments and
threats facing widespread, and therefore ensure continuity of rural life and survival
requires solutions and new methods to deal with problems that are innovative,
invent, create products, processes and techniques depend on is large. For this
purpose, managers must take on roles that are peripheral to suit changing conditions.
Thus, rural development compared with the last link with the concept of
entrepreneurship has wider.In recent years, the Islamic Councils and Rural Workers
have been defined as the new managerial bodies in villages. As local peoplecentered
managerial entities that are direct responsible bodies in villages, Rural
Workers and Islamic Councils can make policies, manage and implement various
educational programs, help the development of necessary infrastructures, attract
financial resources, and play a major role in the development of rural
entrepreneurship, paving the way for the development of rural entrepreneurship.
Essentially, the two factors of entrepreneurship are determined as opportunity and
desire to become entrepreneurs. The main factors driving opportunities include:
internal entrepreneurial abilities, attempting to investment, market entry and general
macroeconomic environment is. Entrepreneurship development is influenced by
different factors. These factors can generally be divided into two groups of: (a)
Individual factors, and (b) the environmental ones.This study investigated the role
and practice of Islamic Councils and Rural Workers in gaining the local people
participation and the development of entrepreneurship in the region’s rural areas.
Methodology
The type of this study is practical and its method is surveying. Collecting the data
and information has done through documentary and field research methods and the
data collection tools were questionnaires as well as interviews. Data have been
analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive-analytical informationʹs. The
population of studied area includes villagers, entrepreneurs, officials, local experts
and commentators in villages of Bahabad. Based on the Cochran formula, a sample
size has been selected, consisting 143 rural people, 45 officials, and 30
entrepreneurs. The study area boundaries include parts of villages in Yazd Province,
Rural Research Quarterly Spring 2011
Bhabad and Bafq city and pool research in the years 1387 and 1388 was conducted.
Results of research indicate that Rural Workers and the Islamic Councils had been
relatively successful in the development of rural entrepreneurship; and local people
believe that entrepreneurs, officials, experts and local commentators, Islamic council
and Rural Workers have properly provided the necessary fields for the development
of entrepreneurship in rural areas such as entrepreneurial infrastructures,
entrepreneurial attitude and behavior, attracting financial and economic resources,
and cultural and social factors.
Finding
According to the above mentioned factors, the practices of Rural Workers and
councils have been acceptable and led to the development of rural entrepreneurship.
The policy of developing people participation in developmental programs can play
an important role in the development of entrepreneurship. Due to the contexts and
features that are suitably available in the rural environment, the possibility of
forming NGOs and organizing them in different contexts is completely provided.
Organizations and nongovernmental organizations as institutions that represent
different classes of people in the rural section are very effective tools for the
development of entrepreneurship policies and accordingly can respond unmet civil
rights, needs, demands and expectations of various classes of society by providing
the ground for innovation and entrepreneurship in different areas. They can also
increase the transparency, reduce the bureaucracy corruption, facilitate downsizing,
simplify regulations, and ultimately increase the efficiency and effectiveness of state
management in rural development. Restore, improve or create such local peoplecentered
organizations (in the villages and generally at country’s level) actually
means democracy, assignment of affairs to the people, decrease of government’s
costs and responsibilities towards the rural management and also recruitment of
public contributions in rural areas’ construction and developmental activities. This
ultimately could lead to development of infrastructures, conditions and
characteristics of rural entrepreneurship.
