تعارض روستاگريزي جوانان با روند توسعه روستايي(مطالعه موردي: دهستان ديزمار غربي شهرستان جلفا)-

The Conflict of Escaping of Youth from the Rural Areas, with Rural Development

جريان مهاجرت از روستا به شهر همواره وجود داشته است و اين امر حكايت از پويايي جامعه دارد. اما مهاجرت بي‌رويه و تخليه روستاها از نيروي كارآمد، امروزه به يكي از نارسايي‌هاي اجتماعي- اقتصادي جامعه روستايي بدل شده است. امروزه جوان‌گزين بودن اغلب مهاجرت‌ها و تشديد مهاجرت جوانان روستا به شهر و حتي هنجار شدن روستاگريزي در بين آنان نگران‌كننده شده است. پرداختن به موضوع روستاگريزي جوانان با هر هدفي كه باشد به نحوي اجتناب‌ناپذير با مسايل كشاورزي و ناگزير با توسعه روستايي پيوند مي‌يابد. بنابراين هدف از مقاله حاضر، پاسخ به اين سوال است كه چه عواملي بر روستاگريزي جوانان با روند توسعه روستايي موثر هستند. جامعه آماري اين پژوهش 6 روستا واقع در دهستان ديزمارغربي در شهرستان جلفاي استان آذربايجان شرقي بوده است. روش تحقيق در اين پژوهش از نوع اسنادي و پيمايشي است. نتايج اين تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد كه مهاجرت نوعي جريان انتخاب‌كننده روستاييان جوان‌تر و مولد است. جوانان به دلايل مختلف اجتماعي- اقتصادي انگيزه‌اي قوي براي ترك روستا دارند، و البته عوامل اجتماعي- فرهنگي نيز نقش مهمي‌ در روستاگريزي جوانان داشته است. روستاگريزي جوانان، روستا را در معرض ناپايداري جمعيتي، عدم تعادل سني و جنسي جمعيت، كاهش شاخص‌هاي توسعه در روستا- نظير سواد- و مهم‌تر از همه سالخورده شدن روستاييان و كاهش نيروي كار فعال و كاهش بهره‌وري قرار داده و به تعميق توسعه‌نيافتگي روستاها انجاميده است.

Introduction Emigration from villages to cities has been happening constantly and nowadays too, and shows the motion of rural societies. But, today the great number of emigrations and the villages getting evacuated from skilled and youth is a social- economical inexpressiveness in our country. Considering the important role of human authorities in rural development, youth has an important place not only in the regard of quantitative (number) but also, in the regard of qualitative (mental faculties, innovation, motion). Excessive attention to these issues and existing problems in urban areas because of rural -urban migration occurred, especially in our country, often the negative aspects of these migrations is the impact and its positive rural areas is often overlooked This event has made this research necessary. Migration from and to depopulating areas is related to the prospects for rural economic regeneration. The focal point is that of the migration processes give rise to the necessary human capital required for successful endogenous development is among the key life course questions that many young people must address as they grow to maturity? Social mobility increasingly presupposes geographical mobility, especially in rural areas. The migration processes affecting rural areas are important at a time when endogenous development is advocated. This ‘bottom-up’ approach requires the presence of local human capital and migration processes will either remove or introduce human capital. Methodology The methodology of this paper is composed of analytical and attributive methods. The statically population in current study was youth Rural District Dizamar Gharabi Jolfa Township. The authors have chosen 1067 individuals from 5012 ones based on Cochran Formula. The sample size is of 157 is (15 percent) of the population. Their sample consists of three 15-19 year old age groups (31/43 percent), 20-24 years (28.2 percent) and 25-29 years add ones (66/28 percent), In order to analyze the variables, statistical method -including correlation regression statistic by SPSS software is used. Results Within a given geographical area a variety of migration processes (in-, out- and return migration) will be evident, irrespective of the overall net migration or population change. With declining natural change variation in population growth rates is increasingly the product of inland out-migration processes. Most of the rural areas have limited educational opportunities. Moreover, many of the youth prefer to continue their education in an urban setting. Consequently, one of the groups of young people makes its permanent settlements outside of the home land, while another group may return to the home land after graduation. Among the important issues are rate and type of employment in the region, characteristics of the labor supply within the region, and the age structure and social cohesion within the local communities. The economic and social capital within the region and the communities are considered as success factors; young peoples are supposed to make a start in adult life and form their own identities within the home region and community. From the perspective of the young individuals, geographical mobility (migration) is related to the social one. In the life course decisions of the current generation of young people, the region and community where one is born has become less relevant than in former generations. Socially mobile young people focus on educational and employment opportunities outside their home region. Staying in their home region is just one of the various existing options. An attachment to the place where they were born is no longer decisive in the identity formation of rural young people. Conclusion Documentary and survey methods, along with questionnaires have been used for collecting the information a bout six villages within the Dehestan W.Dizmar in E.Azarbayjan have been introduced the statistical sample of this research. The results of this research show that most of the emigrants are youth and producer villagers. Youth have principle motives for deserting villages because of different social-economical reasons which in this; social-cultural reasons have a major role in youthʹs emigration .Youthʹs emigration causes the village to expose instability in population, lack of balance between the age and the sex of population and decrease of development indicators in village such as literacy and villagersʹ ageing being the most important. It also helps villages sounding UN development, if we are thinking about the survival of the rural societies and considering youth to be the future villagers, the necessary contraption for settling youth in village must be prepared.