پديد آورندگان :
طالبي‌زاده ، پويان نويسنده Talebizadeh, P , مهرابيان، مظفرعلي نويسنده Mehrabian, M.A , عبدل زاده، مرتضي نويسنده دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد كرمان Abdolzadeh, M
كليدواژه :
الگوريتم ژنتيك , انرژي خورشيدي , زاويه‌ي سمت‌الراس , زاويه‌ي شيب , كلكتورهاي خورشيدي
چكيده فارسي :
در اين نوشتار پس از محاسبه‌ي زاويه‌ي شيب و سمت‌الراس كلكتورهاي خورشيدي به‌منظور دريافت بيشترين تشعشع خورشيد در شهرهاي كرمان، يزد، زاهدان، بيرجند، شيراز و طبس، ميزان انرژي رسيده به سطح پانل طبق زواياي به دست آمده محاسبه شد. زواياي بهينه در روزها، ماه‌ها و فصول مختلف سال و همچنين دركل سال با استفاده از مدل‌هاي مختلف تشعشعي به دست آمد. در تمامي اين مدل‌ها تاثيرات تشعشع انعكاسي زمين نيز در نظر گرفته شد. نتايج حاصله نشان مي‌دهد كه زاويه‌ي سمت‌الراس براي دريافت بيشترين تشعشع خورشيد صفر است. از طرفي دريافت بيشترين انرژي از خورشيد در روزهاي مختلف سال در زواياي شيب مختلفي صورت مي‌گيرد؛ اين در حالي است كه مقدار انرژي به دست آمده برحسب زواياي بهينه‌ي روزانه و ماهانه تفاوت قابل ملاحظه‌يي ندارد. از اين رو تغيير زاويه به‌صورت روزانه با استفاده از دنبال‌كننده مقرون به صرفه نيست. بيشينه انرژي به دست آمده براي بررسي مكان‌هاي مناسب در جنوب شرق ايران به‌منظور احداث نيروگاه‌ها و تاسيسات مختلف خورشيدي مفيدند. لازم به ذكر است كه در اين مقاله از الگوريتم ژنتيك به‌عنوان ابزاري براي بهينه‌سازي و يافتن زواياي بهينه استفاده شد.
چكيده لاتين :
For receiving maximum solar energy, the collector’s surface should be perpendicular to the sun’s rays, and this can be accomplished when the solar trackers are used to follow the sun instantaneously. The main problem in this regard is, however, the high cost of this kind of tracker. So, instead of employing solar trackers, the angles of the collector’s surface could be changed manually every day or month or season, in order to adjust the collector almost perpendicular to the sun’s rays. In this paper, the slope and surface azimuth angles of solar collectors are determined for maximum solar energy gain in six Iranian cities: Kerman, Yazd, Zahedan, Birjand, Shiraz and Tabas. The genetic algorithm is used in order to calculate optimum solar angles and maximum solar energy gain. The slope and surface azimuth angles are considered the two main variables of solar collectors, as well as the optimum variables, and the solar energy gain is considered as the cost function in the optimization process. The daily, monthly, seasonally, and yearly optimum angles are calculated employing different models. Note that the values of seasonally optimum angles are achieved by averaging the monthly optimum slope angles for that season and the value of yearly is achieved by averaging the monthly optimum slope angles in the whole year. The results show that the optimum azimuth angle is zero for maximum solar energy gain. It is noticed that the maximum solar energy gain in different days of a year is accomplished in different slope angles and it is not economical to use a solar tracker in order to change the angle each day. However, the solar energy gain computed using the daily and monthly optimum angles is almost the same. In other words, changing the angles of solar collectors each day using the solar trackers is not economical, but, changing the angles each month to gain more solar energy compared to fixed solar collectors is very useful. Furthermore, the results show that increasing the ground reflection coefficient increases the optimum slope angle considerably, but, however, it has little effect on maximum solar energy gain. The data of maximum solar energy gain are useful in order to determine the best location for constructing a solar power plant in southeast Iran. The results show that among the cities considered in this paper, Yazd has the most solar energy gain and is the best place for building a solar system.
