بررسي تاثيرات نقاشي ساساني بر ديوارنگاره هاي سغدي

The Study of Sassanid Paintings Affects On Sogdiana Mural Paintings

اين مقاله با توجه به آثار مكتوب و تصويري باقي مانده از هنر ساساني و سغدي كه در زمان امپراتوري ساساني در دوره هايي زيرمجموعه اين پادشاهي بوده است ـ به بررسي تاثيرات هنر ساساني بر ديوارنگاره هاي سغدي مي پردازد؛ جامعه آماري مورد بررسي 3 نمونه از نقش -برجسته ها و نقاشي ديواري هاي ساساني و 6 نمونه از نقاشي ديواري هاي سغدي مي باشد. روش تحقيق، توصيف و تحليل نگاره ها ست و هدف بازشناسي تاثيرات نگاره هاي ساساني بر ديوارنگاره هاي سغدي است، زيرا به اعتقاد بسياري پژوهشگران نقاشي سغدي عامل انتقال ويژگي هاي نگاره هاي ساساني به نگارگري ايران پس از اسلام مي باشد و نتيجه حاصل از آن نشان مي دهد علي رغم موقعيت درخشان سغد، همواره تاثيرات هنري ساساني در نقاشي سغدي تاثير گذار بوده است، بيشتر تاثيرگذاري نگاره هاي ساساني برنگاره هاي سغدي در ويژگي هاي صوري نگاره ها از نظر فضاي تصويري، استفاده از رنگ هاي تخت و درخشان، و ناديده گرفتن توالي زماني و ابعاد مكاني و رويكرد به شيوه خطي مي باشد، ليكن نقاشي سغدي از اصالت خاص خود بهره مند است و بنا به خاستگاه فرهنگي خويش همواره سعي درحفظ ارزش هاي فرهنگي و هنري خود مي نمودند. سغديان در نقاشي هاي خود نه تنها از ساسانيان بلكه از فرهنگ هاي تصويري ديگر سرزمين ها مانند خوارزم، هند و يونان نيز تاثير گرفته اند.

By regarding the rest of pictorial and written documents of Sassanid and Sogdian art – Sogdiana was one of the states under the supervision of Sassanid emperors at many different period - this research is going tosurvey the effects of Sassanid art on the Sogdian mural paintings; the statistic category of this research is 3 sample of Sassanid stone relief and Mural painting as well as 6 sample of Sogdian mural painting. The Methodology is description and analyses of paintings. The goal of this essay is the reconsideration of Sassanid artistic effects on the Sogdian mural paintings,GivenThe geographical location of the Sassanid Empire, Sogdiana was one of the important neighboring countries of Iran, and the cultural links between these two countries had many mutual effects on their cultures, as we can find its true samples on Sogdian paintings. the influence of Sassanid paintings on the use of color, form and decorative elements of clothing, elegant womenʹs draw & ... can be seen in the Sogdian painting;Despite the strong influence of Sassanid art on sogdian paintings, there are many differences between them,for instance the Sassanid artpreferred the stylizations and symbolism on realistic representation, in the other hand Sogdians Sometimes painted their works realistically with moredetails.However, we usually find Sassanid illustrations on Reliefs, but the Sogdian artists prefer mural paintings;The Royal Commission Representation is dominated in Sassanid art, On the contrary,Sogdian painting dose not Focus onkings as much as Sassanid art, in fact folklores and every day themes as parties, hobbies and sports , religious and epics are the main subjects of their paintings.We can find some Sassanid art whichinfluences on Sogdian paintings such as: rhythmic drawing of women, details of customs with plant and animal designs, the crowns of kings, In addition we face withmasks, bells and using Yellow, Red Maroon, sky blue and black colors.in general the formal properties of Sassanid images in the case of visual space, using flat, sharp and diversified colors,omission of perspective, avoiding shadow of light, the absence of thespecified source of light, equal place and importance of human and nature, Simplified forms and ignoring the sequence of time and dimensions of Places as well as approach to linear mode,can be seen inSogdianpaintings.another influentialaspects on the Sogdian mural painting is the immigration of Manichianmen to the central Asia, which transmits the other aspects of Sassanid art traditions to sogdiana;But,despite all, the results of the studies of Sassanid and Sogdian paintings indicate that Sassanid empire as a grate regional power always had stronginfluenceson Sogdian paintings, thus in the case of paintings we see more of the influence of Sassanid art traditions on the Sogdian paintings, but Sogdian paintings have their own originality so it cannot be classified as a Sassanid art branches or any other countries at their neighbors. In fact, both Sassanid and Sogdiana keep their own visual values in their arts.