شناخت ويژگي هاي محتوايي و شكلي فرمان هاي دوره ي اول قاجاري

Recognition of the Content formʹʹs Characteristics of the Qajarʹʹs Decrees during the First Period of Qajar

در تحقيقات تاريخي، اسناد و مدارك مكتوب به عنوان منابع دست اول از اعتبار و جايگاه خاصي برخوردارند. از جمله‌ي اين اسناد و مدارك، فرمان هاي پادشاهان مي‌باشد كه در بررسي دقيق‌ وقايع سياسي، فرهنگي، اقتصادي و اجتماعي اهميت فراوان مي‌يابند؛ و امروزه از مهمترين منابع پژوهش مي باشند، زيرا حاوي مطالب و نكات بسياري درباره ي مسايل تاريخي، فرهنگي، هنري، سياسي، اقتصادي، جغرافيايي، اجتماعي، قضايي، مالي و نظامي هستند. در واقع، فرمان ها، ديدگاه بالاترين نهاد تصميم‌گيري حكومت است و مطالب آن تا حد زيادي فاقد حب و بغض است، و برخي زواياي تاريك تاريخ؛ از جمله چگونگي و چرايي عزل يا نصب مقامات حساس حكومتي، تصويب يا لغو مقررات كشوري و... را روشن مي‌نمايند. در اين پژوهش فرمان هاي قاجاري از آغاز حكومت ايشان تا عهد ناصري مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته، اجزاي گوناگون اين فرمان ها شرح، و جايگاه آنها در تاريخ دوران قاجاري و بازسازي آن، تبيين مي‌شود. در نهايت، نشان داده خواهد شد، چگونه يك سند به بازخواني يك نكته مبهم تاريخي ياري مي‌رساند.

Due to the importance of the documents, especially the commands, which nowadays are among the most important sources of studying; in the historical researches, the written documents have special credit and importance as the primary sources and a kind of these documents are kings’ decrees, which are very important in more accurate studying of political, cultural, economic and social events, because they contain many contents and tips about historical, art, political, geographical, social, legal, financial and military issues. In the writing of decrees, the view of the governmentʹs highest decision-making body have been considered and theirs contents are largely devoid of sympathy or hatred. Each of theirs sheets depends on an actual time and a specific event, and turn light on the dark sides which historians have forgotten them because of inaccessibility to the main sources, such as the mechanism and the reasons of the removal and installation of important government officials; adoption or repeal of state regulations and etc In this research the Qajar’s decrees from the beginning of their rule until the Nasseri period have been studied. The decrees of this period made of various components such as beginning (matla’), passion description (sharh e eshtiagh), conclusion (Hosn e Khetam) and several additions that will be described. Then the statue of these decrees in the Qajar history will be studied and we will show how a document reread would be useful in turning light on a vague historical point.