نقد و بررسي كتاب نقد الخطاب‌الديني

An Analysis and Criticism of the Book ʹʹNaqd Al-Khetab Al-Diniʹʹ

مدعاي كتاب «نقد الخطاب الديني» چندان از مدعاي كتب ديگر ابوزيد به‌خصوص از «مفهوم النص» جدا نيست و همان مدعيات به‌شكل خاص وگاهي روشن‌تر بيان شده و اشكالات مطروحه، بر «نقد الخطاب» نيز وارد است. از اين‌رو، هم در قسمت مباني ارايه‌شده در فصل اول كتاب و هم در فصل پاياني كه وي در حقيقت نظريه خود را در مواجهه با متون ديني ( قرآن و روايات ) بيان كرده‌اند، داراي اشكالات اساسي است. مهم‌ترين اشكال وي در استدلال‌هاي درون‌ديني ايشان عدم جامعيت، عدم توجه به اجتهاد و نيز عدم توجه به‌نحوه برخورد ديگر مذاهب، مثل شيعه به متون ديني است و در مطالعات برون‌ديني نيز عدم توجه به فرقي اساسي بين كلام بشر و كلام الهي است، كلام بشري محدود به زمان و مكان و گاهي به‌قدري از زمانه تاثير مي‌پذيرد كه به خطا مي‌رود؛ اما كلام خداوند برخاسته از علم جامع او به همه چيز از جمله آينده است. گرچه ارتباطي با واقعيت جامعه دارد، اما اين ارتباط موجب خطا و اشتباه نيست. در غير اين صورت، فلسفه دين و ارسال رسل لغو خواهد شد. در اين نوشته، مطالب فوق با بررسي كتاب «نقد گفتمان ديني» ابوزيد بررسي مي‌گردد.

The claim of the author of Naqd Al-Khetab Al-Dini is not quite different from his claim in his other books especially ʹMafhoom Al-Nasʹ; the same claims are particularly and sometimes more clearly mentioned here. Thus the mentioned criticisms of that book are valid in this book as well. Therefore it has radical problems in the first chapter of the book in which the bases are presented and also in the last chapter in which he has, in fact, expressed his theory regarding religious texts (the Holy Quran and the narrations). The most important problems among his intra-religious reasoning are as follows: non-comprehensiveness, not paying attention to exertion, and also not paying attention to the treatment of other religions, such as Shiʹite, to religious texts; and among his extra-religious studies he has not paid attention to the basic difference between humanʹs terms and the Divine terms. Humanʹs words are restricted to time and place and they are sometimes affected by the circumstances of the time which may be mistake; but Godʹs terms have arisen from his comprehensive knowledge to all things including the future. Although his terms are related with the realities of society, but it does not have any fault or mistake; otherwise the philosophy of religion and sending of the Prophets would be pointless. The above points with an investigation of Abu-zaidʹs book ʹNaqd Ghofteman Diniʹ are investigated in this article.