جستاري پيرامون زندگي سياسي سعدالله درويش

An Enquiry into the Political life of Sadollah Darvish

سعدالله درويش يكي از كنشگران نهضت جنگل، نامي آشنا براي پژوهشگران اين وادي است. اگرچه مناصب خاص و درخور توجه وي در دوران نهضت جنگل در گيلان (1300 ـ 1299ش) از جمله رياست شهرباني و دژباني رشت، صدر قشون‌ سرخ مازندران و سفارت از سوي ميرزا كوچك‌خان به منظور مذاكره با دولت مركزي و تيودور روتشتاين، وي را به يكي از بزرگان نهضت جنگل در اين دوران بدل كرده است، اما كم‌توجهي پژوهشگران به نقش و عملكرد سعدالله درويش، سبب رانده شدن وي از متن حوادث و وقايع نهضت جنگل به حاشيه شده است. از طرف ديگر، غيربومي بودن و فقدان آگاهي از پيشينه و فرجام سياسي سعدالله بر ناكارآمدي ارايه تحليلي علمي همراه با عينيت تاريخي در خصوص او افزوده است. مقاله حاضر بر آن است تا با رويكردي انتقادي به خاطرات سعدالله درويش و انطباق آن با ساير اسناد و مدارك موجود، علل و عوامل گرايش وي به فعاليت سياسي، از جمله اقدامات ژرمنوفيلي در جنگ جهاني اول و حضور موثر وي در نهضت جنگل را مورد بررسي قرار دهد.

Sadollah Darvish, one of the reactionaries of the Jungle Movement, is most known to scholars of this field. Although his outstanding positions of authority during the Jungle Movement in Gilan (1920 ـ 1921) such as the headship of Rasht’s Constabulary, the military police and Mazandaranʹs Red Army as well as his appointment by Mirza Kochak Khan as an ambassador to negotiate with the federal government and Theodor Rothstein, have turned him to one of the leading figures of the Jungle Movement at that time. Yet, disregarding such an important role and performance, scholars have long tended to marginalize Sadollah Darvish as regards the events of that Movement. Strangely enough, his being a non-native as well as lack of scholarly awareness of his political background and fate have all added to the inefficiency of historically objective scientific research done in the field. Having a critical approach towards the memoirs of Sadollah Darvish and matching them against other present documents, the present article aims at studying the causes of his turn to political activities including the Germanophil measures he took in the course of the First World War and his effective presence in the Jungle Movement.