نقد و بررسي دستور نگه‏داري متهم تحت‏نظر در مقررات دادرسي ايران

A synoptic study about Confinement or apprehension of suspect under Police surveillance or with the order of a Judge

به تصريح قانون اساسي مقامات قضايي و ضابطين دادگستري، جهت انجام تحقيقات در امر جزايي و رفع نقص تحقيقاتي از جمله اختياراتي كه برخوردارند پس از جلب و دستگيري، قرار دادن متهم در محل خاص تحت مراقبت و نظارت و محافظت مي باشد. در قانون آيين دادرسي كيفري نيز مدت نگه‏داشتن و تحت‏نظر قرار دادن متهم بيست و چهار ساعت ذكر گرديده و در اين مدت متهم در بازداشتگاه پليس و در مواردي در دادگاه تحت الحفظ قرار مي گيرد. نگه‏داري تحت‏نظر گاهي حتّي بدون تفهيم اتهام به متّهم و بدون صدور قرار و يا اتخاذ تصميم خاص قضايي و گاهي صرفاً به دستور ضابط دادگستري بويژه در جرايم مشهود موافق ماده‏ي 24 قانون آيين دادرسي كيفري صورت مي گيرد. تحت‏نظر نگه داشتن متهم در عين حال كه از اختيارات قاضي كيفري و در مواردي ضابطين دادگستري، و نوعي اقدام تاميني و در طريق صلاح و مصلحت و اجراي عدالت قضايي است، به هر تقدير سلب آزادي و نوعي حبس است كه ملازمت دارد با نفي حقوق و به هم زدن امنيت فردي و چه بسا كه به ناحق و در اثر اعمال غرض صورت مي گيرد. گاهي مدت تحت‏نظر به جهاتي به چهل و هشت ساعت و گاهي به دستور دادگاه از بيست و چهار تا يكصد و بيست ساعت افزايش مي يابد. تعجب آور اينكه، قانون در اين رابطه برخلاف اصول مسلم دادرسي از جمله مستدل و قابل اعتراض بودن تصميمات منافي آزادي فردي، نه دستور تحت‏نظر ماندن متّهم را قابل اعتراض مي‏داند، و نه براي فرد تحت‏نظر مانده حق اعتراضي قايل مي‏شود. حتي در مواردي كه اصولاً فرد تحت‏نظر مانده بي گناه شناخته شده است، مورد هتك حرمت و حيثيت قرار گرفته درحالي كه از نقطه نظر قانون و مقامات قضايي و پليس اين متهم به صورت امري عادي و معمولي تلقي شده است.

Under the Iranian constitution and the Criminal Code of Procedure, Judicial authorities and officers of the Court possess certain powers to carry on or to complete investigations in criminal cases and matters hence; after arresting the accused, there is a power to keep and confine the accused under arrest in a certain specific place where he is under protection and control. Obviously/ Keeping the accused under confinement and custody with out Legally charging him with a crime and without issuing a writ or any other specific legal decision, strictly on an order of the officer of the court, specially in “Obvious and blatant crimes”, and with the order of a Judge in cases he or she deems necessary, the accused will be kept incarcerated. Confinement of the accused is in any event a form of imprisonment, hence a violation of Personal freedoms and this is in contradiction with peoples civil rights, freedoms and self security. On the other hand these attempts to restrict the accuser’s freedoms may come from wrongful intentions. At times the 24 hours limit at lowed under the Law to detain the accused may increase to 48 hours for certain reasons and times with an order an order from a Judge to 120 hours. Under the Iranian Constitution and the Criminal Code of Procedure, Judicial authorities and officers of the Court possess certain powers to carry on or to complete investigations in criminal cases and matters; hence; after arresting under arrest in a certain specific place where he is under protection and control. Obviously; Keeping the accused under confinement and custody with out Legally charging him with a crime and with out issuing a writ or any other specific legal decision, strictly on an order of the officer of court, specially in “Obvious and blatant crimes”, and with the order of a Judge in cases he or she deems necessary, the accused will be kept incarcerated. Confinement of the accused is in any event a form of imprisonment, hence a Violation of Personal freedoms an this is in contradiction with peoples civil rights, freedoms and self security. On the other hand these attempts to restrict the accuser’s freedoms may come from wrongful intentions. At times the 24 hours limit at lowed under the Law to detain the accused may increase to 48 hours for certain reasons and at times with an order from a Judge to 120 hours.