شورش و گروش :قبطيان مسيحي و حاكمان مسلمان در مصر سده هاي دوم و سوم هجري

Rebellion and Conversion: Christian Copts and Muslim Rulers

چكيده در فاصله سال‌هاي 107 تا 216 هجري سلسله شورش‌هايي از سوي قبطيان مسيحي عليه حاكمان مسلمان اموي و عباسي شكل گرفت. در اين مقاله زمينه، عوامل و پيامدهاي اين شورش‌ها بررسي شده است. تغييرات تدريجي در نظام مالي و زمين‌داري در عصر اموي، كه از امارت عبدالعزيز بن مروان در مصر آغاز شده بود و در خلافت هشام بن عبدالملك تكميل گرديد، افزايش ميزان ماليات‌ها و درنتيجه شورش‌هاي قبطيان را در پي داشت. اين شورش‌ها نه تنها به نتيجه دلخواه آنان يعني كاهش ماليات‌ها منجر نشد، بلكه آنان را به پذيرش گزينه‌اي ديگر يعني گروش به اسلام و پيوستن به جامعه اسلامي- عربي مصر ناگزير ساخت.

Abstracts Rebellion and Conversion: Christian Copts and Muslim Rulers in Egypt, the Second and Third Centuries A. H. Masoumali Panjeh Assistant Professor, Department of History & Civilization of Islamic Nations, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran A series of riots took place in Egypt by Christian Copts against the Umayyad and Abbasid rulers since 107 to 216 A. H. In this paper, the context, causes and consequences of the riots have been investigated. It is apparent that gradual changes in the financial and the landholding systems, which were started in the Abdul Aziz ibn Marwanʹs reign continued to be completed in the Hisham ibn Abdul Malikʹs era. Increasing tax was pursued by Copts riots in Egypt. The riots were fruitless for Copts, as the taxes never cut, but it was another way; converting to Islam and absorbing into Islamic-Arabic Society in Egypt. Keywords: Islamization of Egypt, Egyptian tax system, Copts riots, Conversion to Islam.