تبيين تطوّرات سياسي تصوّف و نسبت آن با تشيّع

Explaining the Political Evolutions and Change of the Sufism in Relation to the Shiism

تصوّف در جهان اسلام داراي خاستگاه تسنّن است و به مثابه جرياني اجتماعي، از قرن دوم به بعد شكل مي‌گيرد. در بسياري از موارد، بنا به دلايل متعدّدي، اين جريان از جانب حاكميّت سياسي وقت، مورد حمايت قرار گرفته است. به‌رغم اين، تشيّع به دليل برخي اشتراكات آموزه‌اي و سياسي و نهايتاً در برخي مقاطع تاريخي به دليل اضطرار، يا خودآگاهي تاريخي، به تصوّف نزديك شده و در فرايندي نسبتاً آگاهانه تلاش كرده است تا در آن، تصرّف كند تا جايي كه مي‌توان گفت تا پيش از شكل‌گيري نهضت و دولت صفويه، تصوّف ــ كه براي اهل سنّت يك «مقرّ» تاريخي به حساب مي‌آيد ــ به مثابه «دالان و ممرّ» حركت شيعه عمل نموده است. در واقع، هدف اين مقاله، تبيين تطوّرات سياسي تصوّف و نيز وجوه و كيفيّت تعامل و تصرّف تشيّع در تصوّف تا زمان شكل‌گيري دولت صفويه است.

Sufism in the Islamic world is rooted in Sunnism, and it was formed as a social institution since the second century. In many situations and circunstances, Sufism has been defended by the ruling political system of the time for political reasons. However, Shiism, on account of certain political and instructional similarities, and in some historical epochs due to lack of any other alternative and for historical consciousness has attempted to approach Sufism and has even tried to capture Sufism for itself. It can be said that before the formation of the safavid movement and government, Sufism which was for the Sunis a historical residence turned into a channel for the Shiite movement. In fact, the present article intends to display and explain the political evolutions of Sufism and the manners and ways through which Shiism attempted to enter in the realm of Sufism and also the aspects and the quality of the interactions between Sufism and Shiism till the beginning of the formation of the Safavid government are discussed in this article.