برنامه‌ريزي راهبرديِ توسعه گردشگري مذهبي در مناطق روستايي مطالعه موردي روستاهاي داراي مكان‌هاي مذهبي اورامان تخت، نجار و هجيج

Strategic Planning of Religious Tourism Development in rural areas Case Study Oraman Takht, Najjar and Hjyj

بناهاي مذهبي و مكان‌هاي مقدس دورنماهاي بسيار مسلط از دين و مذهب هستند. در تاريخ، زيارت مذهبي مولّد واقعي اقتصاد و عاملي براي توسعه خدمات و رفع نيازهاي مربوط به اين مناطق توصيف شده است. به اين دليل، گاهي امروزه مكان‌هاي مذهبي و جاذبه‌هاي گردشگري از حاميان اصلي كل اقتصاد به‌شمار مي‌روند. در حال حاضر، گردشگري مذهبي يكي از راه‌هاي تنوع‌بخشي و يا رهايي از مشكلات اقتصادي تلقي شده است. جاذبه‌هاي مذهبي، زيارتگاه‌ها و مكان‌هاي مقدس هر سال تعداد زيادي از گردشگران را به‌سوي خود جذب مي‌كنند. اين امر فوايد اقتصادي، اجتماعي و كالبدي زيادي را در جامعه پذيراي گردشگران مذهبي دارد. به ‌همين منظور، برنامه‌ريزي با رويكرد راهبردي مي‌تواند يكي از شيوه‌هاي بهره‌برداري از اين فرصت‌ها براي مناطقي با ظرفيت‌هاي فرهنگي و مذهبي باشد. در اين ميان، روستاهاي اورامان تخت، هجيج و نجار به‌دليل موقعيت خاص خود داراي ظرفيت‌هاي بالا ازنظر جذب گردشگران مذهبي هستند؛ اما تاكنون به‌دلايل متعدد از اين فرصت‌ها به‌طور بهينه و پايدار استفاده نشده است. باوجود اين، تحقيقات ميداني نگارندگان در سطح سيصد نفر از ساكنان روستاهاي مورد مطالعه با طرح سي گويه تبيين‌كننده پيامدهاي اقتصادي، اجتماعي و كالبدي از طريق آزمون t تك نمونه‌اي نشان مي‌دهد حضور گردشگران مذهبي پيامدهاي اجتماعي، اقتصادي و كالبدي را با بيشترين تاثير بر ابعاد اجتماعي به‌همراه داشته است. همچنين، تحقيقات نشان مي‌دهند براساس رويكرد راهبردي مبتني‌بر مدل SWOT لازم است به‌منظور تقويت و توسعه گردشگري مذهبي در منطقه مورد مطالعه، راهبرد رقابتي به‌عنوان يك بسته راهبردي براي سياست‌گذاري و برنامه‌ريزي گردشگري مذهبي مورد توجه قرار گيرد.

Religious buildings such as religious places and other holy places are very dominant perspectives of religious. Through the times, Religious pilgrimage have described as real productive of economy and as a factor for the development of services related to these areas. For that, today the religious places and tourist attractions sometimes are major supporters of the whole economy. At present, religious tourism has been considered as a way to create diversity and gets rid of economic problems by many groups and tourist authorities. Religious attractions, shrines and holy places attract many tourists every year. Residency and reception facilities of this type of tourism such as hotel and Pilgrims status depend on socio- cultural context and tenet of each country and tourists and have its special features of each country which their diversity is very high. Complexity and density of urban life led to lot of people attracted by areas with potential tourism and among them areas with cultural and religious powers are more considered. So, in order to exploit the relaxation in religious-cultural places and also enjoy natural scenes, tourism trends form. This can led to lot of social, physical economic benefits in the society. In this context, planning with strategic approach can be one of the ways to exploit these opportunities for areas with cultural and religious potentials. Among these villages Oraman Takht, Najjar and Hjyj because of their special position have high potential of attracting religious tourists that for several reasons, optimal and sustainable use of these opportunities has not been done so far. For that field research among 300 people of residents with 30 indicative characters shows that the presence of religious tourists led to of social, economic and physical consequences with higher emphasis on social dimension. Research also shows that a strategic approach based on SWOT model is necessary to strengthen and develop religious tourism in the study area, a competitive strategy as a package for policy and strategic planning and management of religious tourism is considered fact.