مطالعه تطبيقي تصاوير نسخ چاپ سنگي و كاشي‌هاي مصور دوره قاجار

Comparative Study of Manuscript Images Lithography and Illustrated Tiles in the Qajar Period

در اين مقاله تلاش مي شود با مطالعه تطبيقي تصاوير منقوش بر كاشي هاي دوره قاجار، به چگونگي تاثير پذيري آنها از آثار چاپ سنگي پرداخته شود. هدف از انجام اين مطالعه، شناسايي يكي از منابع الهام كاشي نگاران دوره قاجار در توليد كاشي هاي مصور است. نتايج اين پژوهش نشان مي دهد كه رواج و كثرت نسخ چاپ سنگي از جمله عواملي است كه موجب گسترش هنرهاي تصويري و رواج واقع گرايي به شيوه اروپايي در نيمه حكومت قاجار شده است. زيرا آثار چاپ سنگي به سهولت در اختيار ساير هنرمندان قرار مي گرفت؛ لذا بسياري از هنرها از جمله هنر كاشي كاري را تحت تاثير خود قرار داد. از مقايسه ميان تصاوير نسخ چاپ سنگي و كاشي هاي اين دوره، نمونه هاي بارزي شناسايي شدند كه آشكارا تاثيرپذيري نقاشي روي كاشي را از فنون و روش هاي تصويرسازي آثار چاپ سنگي اثبات مي كند. اين تصاوير در آغاز با سلايق هنر هندي، در هندوستان شكل گرفتند و پس از ورود به ايران، توسط كاشي نگاران ايراني تقليد شده اند. نمونه هاي كاشي نگاري موجود در عمارت كاخ گلستان و نيز نمونه هاي موجود در مجموعه هاي خصوصي منسوب به شهر اصفهان، گواه بر اين ادعا هستند. اين پژوهش از لحاظ ماهيت و روش توصيفي_ تحليلي است و روش گردآوري اطلاعات، كتابخانه اي و مشاهده اي بوده است.

This article attempts a comparative study of the tiles illustrated with pictures of the Qajar period, how they get influence of such images in works of lithography like pictures in newspapers and books. Purpose: The purpose and aim of this study is to identify one of the sources of inspiration of tile painters in Qajar period in production of illustrated tiles. Lithography or lithographic is one of the latest styles of traditional Iranian art of the Qajar era and the extension provided works that role in shaping the visual culture of that period. The popularity of this art among the people established the relationship between images of lithography and other Iranian arts. By studying the characteristics of Qajar art lithographsʹ works is determined that image makers have their most striking features of the Qajar painting works on display. The result of this inquiry says that spread and multiplication of copies of lithography, including factors that promote the development of visual art and spread of realism to the European style in half of Qajar rule because the results and works was easily available to other artists and tile painters. So affect on many branches of art such as art of tiling. A comparison between manuscript images and pictures of lithography and tiles of this period, the samples were identified that apparently reveal and prove the affected of painting on tiles of lithography works and influence the tile painting techniques and methods of imaging lithography. Tile art illustrations and imaging techniques applied to the printed images of the images used by the artists tile painters and they reveal their impact and effect on their own image tiles. In the beginning the pictures were formed with the taste of Indian art and in India and formed after arrival in Iran have been intimated by Iranian tile painters and Iranian journalists. Samples of tile painting in Golestan Palace Mansion, and also in private collections attributed to the city, Isfahan, are evidence of this claim. Since the Iranian version of the Shahnameh inspired of the old Hindi version, there is no doubt that this reflects the impact and the issue of "Hindi-style" on the latest version of Iran. So tile artists that used the examples and samples of printing different stone tiles in order to visualizing the design on the tiles also enjoyed and used of the existing samples. So the images of the tiles have been used often in the palace building, editions of Hindi and their visual elements are also seen. The study is the result of research which is descriptive-analytical in terms of the nature and methods and the style of data collection has been observational and from library. Research is not a field. Based on this study, in the beginning the influence of the works of tile writing in Qajar period is described and demonstrated of manuscript images lithography and then explain why and how these effects are created. So you get that how tile writers in Qajar have used the visual and technical characteristics of lithography in order to complete their writing style tiles.