بحثي پيرامون بذل مهريه

An Investigation into Forgiving Dower Sum

در ماده 1082 قانون مدني ايران مي خوانيم : « به مجرد عقد زن مالك مهر مي شود و مي تواند هر نوع تصرفي كه بخواهد در آن بنمايد.» علي رغم گذشت بيش از 76 سال از زمان تصويب اين ماده، هنوز هم در جامعه ما زمينه پذيرش حق مالكيت زن نسبت به مهريه و داشتن اختيار تصرف مالكانه نسبت به آن نهادينه نشده و به ندرت ديده شده است كه زن در اولين قدم مطالبه اين حق مشروع خود، با عكس العمل تند مرد و حتي كسان و بستگان طرفين مواجه نشود. به دليل همين فرهنگ عمومي و برخي تضييقات شرعي و قانوني موقع بروز اختلاف بين زوجين، اغلب زنان تمام يا بخشي از مهريه خود را به شوهرشان بذل مي كنند تا شوهر نيز متقابلاً با قبول بذل، زن خود را طلاق دهد. با توجه به روند تاسف بار افزايش بي رويه ميزان مهريه ها و سست شدن پايه هاي اعتقادي و اخلاقي در ميان جوانان و افزايش بي رويه آمار طلاق در كشور، بذل مهريه از سوي زن تبديل به يك واقعيت مهم اجتماعي شده كه بررسي ابعاد حقوقي و احكام و آثار قانوني آن را ضروري مي نمايند .

Act number 1082 of the civil law of Iran states: "From the onset of the marriage contract the wife becomes the owner of the dower sum and can exert any dominance over it." In spite of the fact that more than 76 years have passed since the ratification of the above–mentioned act, it has not yet been institutionalized in our society to acknowledge the wife’s ownership dominance over her dower sum. It has seldom happened that the wife, at the first step of claiming her legal ownership right, has not been faced with the harsh reaction on the part of her husband and the in- laws .It is due to this popular culture as well as some religious and legal injustices that when conflicts arise between the couples, most women forgive all or part of their dower sum to their husbands so that the husband will consent to divorce the wife in return. With regard to the regrettable trend in the unreasonable increase in the amount of the dower sum,the shakiness of moral and religious foundations among the youth, and the unreasonable increase in the country’s divorce statistics, forgiving the dower sum on the part of the wife has become an important social reality , which necessitates the investigation of its legal dimensions, rules, and legal effects.